Selecting sources of literature: Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Peker, Glantz, Thunstorm et al. (2008), conducted a randomized control trial seeking to demonstrate the design and rationale of CPAP therapy in patients with OSA and coronary artery disease. According to the authors, development of coronary heart disease significantly affected the prognosis of OSA. In the article, the authors report that OSA associated with heart disease resulted in 24% of deaths compared with 5% in patients without complications. Coronary heart disease is seen in an estimated 25% of patients who develop OSA. In the study, the authors demonstrated that the application of CPAP treatment was effective in preventing and improving the clinical course of heart disease. Although other treatment modalities were applied in the treatment of OSA, CPAP therapy was the first-line treatment approach which was effective in preventing the occurrence of heart diseases.
Oliveira, Campos, Cintra et al. (2009) conducted a randomized control study seeking to establish the impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment on left atrial function and volume in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) using a real-time-three dimensional echocardiogram. According to the article, there is epidemiological data linking OSA to cardiovascular complications. However, the risk factors associated with OSA, for example, male gender and obesity, have also been associated with cardiovascular events. According to the authors, left heart function is an independent prognostic factor in patients with OSA. In the study, the authors acknowledge that CPAP treatment is associated with improvement in left heart function. In addition, if OSA is diagnosed and treated in early stages, it is associated with decreased incidence of left heart failure.
Browaldh, Markstrom and Friberg (2009) conduct a study to evaluate the effectiveness of elective tracheostomy in obstructive sleep apnoea patients with CPAP failure. The authors note that elective tracheostomy is more superior to CPAP in the management of severe obstructive sleep apnoea. They support their findings with statistical evidence, increasing the credibility of their research. The article utilizes medical records of 10 patients with a median age of 53.5 years. Therefore, the population of focus is relevant to the present study. CPAP is demonstrated to have better tolerability, and has decreased complications as opposed to elective tracheostomy.
Veasay et al. (2009) undertook an evaluation of peer-reviewed literature on the effectiveness of adjunctive medical therapies. The article goes details various sources in a systematic manner in determining the best methods for the management of Obstructive Sleep apnea. Statistical evidence is widely used in the article. Adjunctive medical therapy to CPAP is shown to improve the quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Butt, Dwivedi, Lip, Khair and Shantsila (2012) conducted a randomized control study seeking to demonstrate the impact of CPAP treatment in left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in patients with OSA. According to the authors, OSA is an increasing major public health problem that is associated with development of cardiovascular complications. However, its associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, for example, obesity, has undermined studies relating its association with heart failure. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiograms were conducted on the study population to establish the diastolic and systolic function of the left ventricle. According to the authors, left ventricular failure is associated with a majority of the deaths attributed to OSA. The article reports on improvement in the function of the left ventricle following the initiation of CPAP treatment.
Colm and Maxine (2011) conducted a meta-analysis review of articles seeking to demonstrate the effects of OSA and success in the implementation of treatment. According to the authors, OSA affects up to 20% of the adult population and is continuously being identified as an independent risk factor for stroke, diabetes and hypertension. In the article, the authors acknowledge that OSA and its associated complications are the leading diagnosis in respiratory sleep clinics within the United Kingdom. Although epidemiological data on the morbidity and deaths associated with OSA is not provided, the authors acknowledge that it is a leading cause of non-communicable diseases related deaths within the UK. According to the authors, CPAP remains the most effective treatment modality for OSA and its associated complications. The application of surgery and other pharmacological modalities has been demonstrated to be controversial and ill-defined.
Usmani, Chai-coetzer, Antic and McEvoy (2012) carried out a review of literature on obstructive sleep apnea in adults. According to the article, the worldwide incidence of OSA is increasing because of increasing ageing population and obesity, which are associated with the risk of developing OSA. In the article, the authors report that OSA is associated with cardiovascular, mental disease and cognitive abnormalities which are associated with deaths and morbidity. According to the authors, there are various causes attributed to the development of OSA, thus, a multidisciplinary treatment approach should be used. According to the article, CPAP is the first-line therapy but cannot be used solely in preventing complications associated with OSA. Authors argue that future improvements in surgical interventions and patient education would significantly impact on the prognosis of OSA.
Kupar (2010) conducted a qualitative study seeking to establish the diagnosis, epidemiology and cost of managing OSA. According to the author, OSA occurs in 2% and 4% of women and men above the age of 65 years, respectively. Increased incidence of morbidity and death is attributed to the occurrence of cardiovascular events and diabetes which are attributed to OSA. In the article, the author reports that the potential costs attributable to Obstructive Sleep Apnea amounts to billions of dollars. However, the use of CPAP therapy in patients diagnosed with mild OSA is attributed to reduction in this c...