Salmonella Infection Disease Health, Medicine, Nursing Essay
Hi, This is a Phlebotomy class... Please prepare a 3-4 page double spaced roman time typed report. Also, include works cited page. Pay special attention to any considerations for the phlebotomist and any lab tests and/or expected lab results associated with diagnosis or treatment for Salmonella infection disease. Thank you.
Phlebotomy - Oral Presentation Rubric
Name: _________________________________________ Date: _____________________
Topic: _________________________________________ Score: _____________________
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Excellent |
Good |
Fair |
Volume
10 |
Presenter is easy to hear 10 |
Audience is able to hear as a whole, but there are times when volume is not adequate 5 |
Presenter is difficult to hear 0 |
Rates 10 |
Rates of speech are appropriate
10 |
Speaker may at times seem like s/he is rushing or exaggerating pauses 5 |
The rates of speaking are too slow or too fast 0 |
Mannerisms
10 |
Speaker makes eye contact with everyone and has no nervous habits. Speaker has excellent posture
10 |
Eye contact may focus on only one member of the audience or a select few members. Mildly distracting nervous habits are present but do not override the content
5 |
Very little eye contact is made with the audience. It may sound like the speaker is reading the presentation. Nervous habits that distract the audience are present 0 |
Engagement
10 |
Presentation involves the audience, allowing time for audience to think and respond 10 |
Audience is involves, but inadequate processing or response time is provided
5 |
Speaker does not involve the audience
0 |
Organization
20 |
Presentation is well organized with a beginning, middle, and end. There is a strong organizing theme, with clear main ideas and transitions
20 |
Speaker loses train of thought, does not stay with the proposed outline, or connections are attempted but not made clear for the audience 10 |
Presentation shows little organization, unclear purpose, and/or unclear relationships or transitions.
0 |
Content
20 |
Information is complete and accurate. Clear evidence of research
20 |
Research component is less evident than in distinguished category or resources are present but less than adequate for the assignment
10 |
Details are lacking or not well chosen for the subject or audience. Lacks evidence of research 0 |
Visual Aids/Handouts 10 |
Visual aids are well done and are used to make 10 |
Visual aids adequate but do not inspire engagement with the material 5 |
Very little or poor use of visual aid. 0 |
Length 10 |
Appropriate length. Paper is 3-4 pages double-spaced in length. Clear summary provided, works cited page is include
10 |
Time is appropriately used, but may run slightly over or under allotted time. 5 |
Presentation lacks conclusion and time is not appropriately used 0 |
Comments:
Salmonella Infectious Diseases
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Course
Introduction
Salmonella is a bacteria responsible for a variety of food borne infectious diseases such as typhoid, enteric fever, food poisoning and gastroenteritis. The bacteria are rod shaped, gram negative and motile bacilli that moves using peritrichous flagella. Humans contact these diseases from uncooked meat including seafood and poultry, uncooked eggs, fruits and vegetables washed in contaminated water, from reptile pets and amphibians, unclean water and general lack of hygiene. Symptoms include abdominal pains, blood stained stools, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and headaches CITATION Tan13 \l 1033 (Acharya, 2013).
Salmonella Bacteria
The diagnosis of the infectious disease is done through laboratory test on samples of either fecal material, duodenal aspirate, bone marrow or blood culture CITATION Tan13 \l 1033 (Acharya, 2013). This paper focuses on the blood sample test and the results expected in laboratory test.
Salmonella Diagnosis
A patient suffering from any of the salmonella infectious diseases will complain of sustained fever, abdominal pains and chills and to confirm the presence of these bacteria cab ne screened through blood culture. This is preferred over fecal sample because it has a 40-80% sensitivity and proven effective for diagnosis of non-typhoid salmonella infections and enteric fever. For effectiveness of laboratory test, blood of a patient should be collected early in the disease period, a week or two from first symptom this is because during this phase it is easy to detect foreign organisms in the blood and when possible before any microbial are administered because when administered they lower the blood sensitivity to 40% and below CITATION Joh15 \l 1033 (John A. Crump, etal, 2015).
When carrying out this test, the phlebotomist or the medical practitioner should pay attention to the ratio of blood to the culture. Amount of blood is critical for optimal results, this is because in each milliliter there is less than 10 count of bacteria and it can be as low as 1 count, the amount depends on age and the culture amount either 80ml or 40ml broth with the former being used for patients aged 15 years and above and the latter for patients below 15 years. The younger the patient, the less the amount of blood required CITATION Joh15 \l 1033 (John A. Crump, etal, 2015). In case a medical practitioner wishes to prepare the culture instead of the prepared one, the ratio of blood volume to culture volume should be 1:10. Blood is collected from a patient using a syringe and immediately inoculated in a blood culture container or bottle using the same collecting syringe and stored at incubation of 37 degrees. The table below represent the amount of blood culture required per age and the culture amount. The table below represent the amount of blood culture required per age and the culture amount.
Blood required for blood culture testing
Age of patient
40ml broth culture bottle
80ml broth culture bottle
3 months – < 2 years
1 – 2ml
2 years - < 5 years
2 -3 ml
5 - < 15 years
5 -10ml
Adult - > 15 years
8-10ml
Laboratory test Results
Laboratory results for salmonella bacteria should be checked for gas formation, turbidity and growth of culture. In blood agar culture, salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi produce non-hemolytic smooth white colonies. Salmonella does not ferment lactose and thus form smooth colonies on MacConkey agar CITATION Tan13 \l 1033 (Acharya, 2013).
Colonies collected from the agar are then screened through two tests, the triple sugar iron agar and Motility Indole Urea...