Appropriate Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Hypertension

Hypertension Case Study
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C.D. is an Afro-American male who has a long history of present and developing medical conditions. He has been smoking one deck of cigarettes every day and has consumed lots of beer on a daily basis since he was 40 years old. At the current age of 55, C.D. has complained about persistent chest pain and headache. He has recently presented his two-day history report on chest pain and headache to his primary care provider.
The report describes a number of facts about the patient such as high intake of salted food, consumption of food having lots of fat, sodium and carbohydrate and intake of Ibuprofen to self-treat the pain of the right knee. The patient claims to have gained 30 pounds in last one year and has suffered from nosebleeds, hemoptysis, nocturia, and shortness of breath (especially when climbing stairs) which is getting worse with the time passing. The further assessment determines that he does not have any other serious issues to be addressed but his blood pressure was found to be 190/120 mmHg and his lungs have mild basilar crackles.
Management Plan
Based on the social and family history as well as the medical history and current assessment C.D. is suffering from hypertension. It has also been determined that his condition remained undiagnosed until now. To help the patient to recover from this health condition it is vital that the primary care provider develop a management plan that should educate C.D. on how to change his lifestyle to improve his health. This plan should also touch on implementing the required pharmacological treatment.
A number of things that can be done alone, or in a combination, to suit the patient’s body system include antihypertensive medication therapy (to help reduce systolic and diastolic pressures), calcium channel blocker, thiazide-type diuretic, angiotensin receptor blocker, and ACE inhibitor. To best deal with the blood pressure, it is advisable to start the 25mg dose of Hydrochlorothiazide that can be doubled to 50mg as per the situation of how patient’s body system responds to this medication.
Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
Evidence-based guidelines are available for the care providers to look at the extensive literature and gain knowledge about the tried and tested diagnostic and treatment plans in order to form an effective management and care plan for their patients to restore their health.
Cultural and Lifestyle Considerations
The patient has reported that he consumes high intakes of beers every day and smokes a full pack of cigarettes on a daily basis (American Heart Association, 2017). It is in his favor to find ways and motivate himself to quit smoking and drinking habits. It will take some time before his internal system gets used to the new routine, but this will gradually help him to reduce the levels of hypertension and better his health in general. For instance, to start with, C.D. can reduce his alcohol consumption to only 24oz, and this will help the blood pressure to come down by 2-4 mmHg (Dunphy et al. 2015).
The important factor in this initiative is the consistent manner which needs to be followed by the patient to gain results. To help reduce the increasing weight (current BMI stands at 31.7) the patient should actively be involved in exercise such as aerobics. His body may struggle in the beginning as he has never done any exercise, but it will help a lot if a consistent approach is adopted to exercise, five days a week at least for around an hour daily.
The patient also reported that he has never followed a diet plan in...