Mind mad week 3

Concept Map Template Primary Diagnosis: Deep Vein Thrombosis 1. Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis? Pathophysiology of Primary Diagnosis Deep vein thrombosis in leg, for instance, can be a site of blood clots where there is slowing in blood flow to valves in deep veins of the leg. These valves usually function to move blood. However, it can also be a source of problem when blood has to stay still for too long. Clots usually form in gaps nearby the valves. When blood settles, the oxygen level gets low, and the number of red cells increases. Such conditions can result in clot formation. In addition, when the oxygen levels drop, proteins which are responsible for the prevention of clotting, do not perform their function. Clotting proteins may be activated that most of the time would not. Including to these proteins is P-selectin, which makes cells that carry tissue factor, and provokes clotting. Causes Risk Factors (genetic/ethnic/physical) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can occur when there is an interruption in the blood flow or changes in the normal direction of flow inside the veins. This might take place when the individual remained inactive for a long time, after surgery, or injury. The possibility of blood clotting is also increased in specific diseases such as cancer or heart disease. Pregnancy and childbirth also increase the risk as the body produces different hormones and the veins are compressed. Drugs, including birth control pills, can also be a cause along with being older, overweight, family history of blood clots and being a smoker (Konstantinides et al., 2020; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2022; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2020). Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation are some of the genetic risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These mutations involve a small change in the structure of a protein which can increase the risk of developing inappropriate blood clots. In addition, people who inherit low levels of natural anticoagulants, raise the risk of DVT along with the conditions like antiphospholipid syndrome or having too much of clotting factors in the blood (Konstantinides et al., 2020; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2022; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2020). High prevalence of DVT in certain ethnic groups is an ethnic risk factor. An example is that people of African origin may have a lower risk of DVT than people of European origin. Conversely, some of the people of Asian descent have higher risk of DVT like those who are from the groups with specific hereditary features or lifestyles. Also, South Asian people are at higher risk than other ethnic groups, which maybe a result of the combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors (Konstantinides et al., 2020; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2022; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2020). Physical risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) include situations which impede blood flow or increase the likelihood of blood clot formation in the veins. Longtime immobility is a major risk as it can result to the inability to pump blood in the lower extremities, for instance. Another is surgery, as it can lead to the damage of the vessels and a decreased movement during the healing process. Furthermore, serious injuries, especially those that compromise the veins, can also lead to DVT. Physical parameters causing risk comprise pregnancy in which hormonal changes and pressure of pelvic veins, as well as obesity that exerts pressure on veins and prevents pr...