Mind map week 9

Concept Map Template Primary Diagnosis: Bipolar Disease 1. Describe the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in your own words. What are the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis? Pathophysiology of Primary Diagnosis Bipolar disorder is a mood arousal disorder characterized by some episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression. Its pathophysiology consists of connections of the interaction of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. An inconsistency in the activity of neurotransmitters, notably serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, is thought to be one of the possible causes of mood swings amongst bipolar people. Moreover, the studies show that structural and functional changes from abnormalities in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex occur in bipolar disorder patients. Causes Risk Factors (genetic/ethnic/physical) The precise trigger for bipolar disorder is yet to be fully ascertained, but studies indicate the presence of a significant genetic background. Individuals with a genetic disposition for bipolar disorder or other mood disorders are more likely to develop the illness. However, the development of bipolar disorder is influenced not only by the genetics; the environment also is a significant risk factor. Stressful events, trauma, substance use, and circadian rhythm disruptions are just some of the environmental factors that might trigger the episodes of bipolar disorder in people susceptible to the disease (Kasyanov et al., 2022). Bipolar disorder is a hereditary disorder as it is associated with genetic linkages. There is a higher risk for individuals with a family history of bipolar disorder or related mood disorders. Particular genes that are closely related to neurotransmitter functioning and circadian rhythms help determine vulnerability (Kasyanov et al., 2022). Bipolar disorder is not restricted to any particular ethnicity. Prevalence rates are almost the same among ethnic groups and cultural factors affect how individuals express the symptoms and seek for help (Carvalho et al., 2020; McIntyre & Calabrese, 2019). Some medical conditions such as thyroid diseases and neurological problems are among the risk factors. Moreover, the disturbances in the thyroid function and the neurological pathways may be among the causes of mood fluctuations. Other physical health factors, including chronic illnesses, have been shown to raise the risk of bipolar disorder (Carvalho et al., 2020; McIntyre & Calabrese, 2019). 2. What are the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis? How does the diagnosis impact other body systems and what are the possible complications? Signs and Symptoms – Common presentation How does the diagnosis impact each body system? Complications? The individual with bipolar disorder manifests the patterns of mood which is characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy and less sleep, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, impulsi...