Common Conditions Associated with Proteinuria and Hematuria

Week 12: Discussion 2
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Week 12: Discussion 2
Renal calculi, also known as kidney stones, are a common problem in healthcare. The pathophysiology of kidney stones begins in the urine. Urine contains compounds containing particles such as calcium, sodium, uric acid, and oxalate (TED-Ed, 2017). When the particles reach high levels, they can bond together to form crystals. The crystallized or solid masses can grow over weeks or months, which later become detectable stones (TED-Ed, 2017). Given that most kidney stones do not pose serious health problems, treatment recommendations include waiting for them to pass out. Most are small enough, less than 5 millimeters, and can be passed out with the aid of drinking large quantities of water (TED-Ed, 2017). Pain killers are often provided to help with the process because one may wait four to six weeks before the stones leave the body through the urine. Large stones may require surgery to remove them or m...