Apperceptive and Associative Visual Agnosia in Prosopagnosia
topic
(Writing from two dimensions, first, roughly what are the two agnosias, and then write the difference in facial agnosia)
Brain damage can sometimes cause obvious and specific obstacles in behavior. One of the extremely rare cases is that they can't recognize everyday items after seeing them. This kind of disorder is called visual agnosia. (Visual agnosia includes all minor visual object recognition disorders, and does not refer to cognitive vision therapy or cognitive impairment, such as language or other memory). The occipital lobe is the center of the visual cortex, which is mainly related to visual perception and visual memory. The lesions in the 18th and 19th areas cause visual agnosia. The main causes of agnosia are intracranial tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, and traumatic brain injuries (citation: ). Including object agnosia, appearance agnosia, simultaneous agnosia, color agnosia, visual space agnosia, etc. For example, a patient with object agnosia cannot recognize common objects that he sees clearly, such as hats, gloves, pens, etc (citation: ). This article will explain the two main types of visual agnosia, apperceptive agnosia, and associative agnosia, and case studies will be proved to demonstrate the symptoms of the two types of visual agnosia. （You can modify it to add some content about facial agnosia)
Visual apperceptive agnosia defines as a patient who has intact fundamental visual processing but the patient has impaired higher-level visual processes result in difficulty recognizing an object. (Grossman, Murray, et al. “Object Recognition Difficulty in Visual Apperceptive Agnosia.” Brain and Cognition, Academic Press, 25 May 2002, www(dot)sciencedirect(dot)com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278262697908769). Causes, symptoms of behavior, interspersed with casestudy.
Associative agnosia refers to an obstacle that "can extract normal visual representations but cannot identify objects with this information". Its performance is that it can recognize two identical objects, but cannot tell the function of the two objects (Patients can recognize that the objects in the two pictures are the same, but cannot understand the purpose of the objects). Associative agnosia is the impaired function of recognizing the meaning of objects. Location, damage to the brain, and what are the symptoms of behavior. Interspersed with casestudy.
Specifically speaking, the difference between these two diseases is similar. Need some experimental literature, (you can try copying line drawing)
The manifestations, symptoms, and causes of facial agnosia, compare the differences between appercetive agnosia and associative agnosia in facial agnosia, casestudy.
Usable citation: At the level of form perception, he proposed that visual recognition required processing through two distinct stages: the first (apperception) he described as “the stage of conscious awareness of a sensory impression”; the second (or associative stage) was believed to result from the simultaneous activation of many concepts related to the object (ie, the activation of associated memories)
Note that you must citation, casestudy, don’t cite directly from the wiki, but google scholar
to the writer:
please come up with a title, MLA or APA
Visual Agnosia (Apperceptive and Associative) in Prosopagnosia
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Visual Agnosia and its Types Visual agnosia is a neurological disorder resulting in a patient’s impairments in recognizing and perceiving the multiplex visual, non-verbal stimuli such as ordinary objects and faces, despite intact memory systems such as intelligence, alertness, attention, and language. It is incarcerated to the visual realm rooting from impairment in the lateral part of the convalescent occipital lobes and/ or inside the ventral part of the temporal lobes (Kim, 2016). They are two classic classifications of visual agnosia; apperceptive and associative visual agnosia. Apperceptive visual agnosia is the decline in recognition resulting from deficits in the initial phases of perceptual development. The patients know the object’s existence but cannot recognize it; hence they cannot draw or copy it. In contrast, Associative visual Agnosia is the decline in recognition regardless of lack in deficiency in the patient’s perception. Patients can remove and copy the object, but they do not know what they have copied or drawn (Parunyou & Wicklund, 2019). Facial Agnosia Facial agnosia, also known as prosopagnosia/ facial blindness, is a neurological illness characterized by a selective inability to recognize people’s faces in neurological injury absence. There are two types of facial agnosia, developmental (congenital) face agnosia and acquired face agnosia. Developmental face agnosia is when the patient has the disorder without brain damage, whereas acquired face agnosia patients develop the disorder after brain damage. Depending on the impairment degree, patients may have difficulty recognizing familiar faces; others will fail to recognize unknown faces, whereas others may fail to distinguish faces from objects. In some cases, patients with this disorder may fail to recognize their faces (Baptist Health, 2020). Face blindness’s primary signs and symptoms include the inability to recognize faces. The failure to recognize faces makes it challenging for the affected individuals to form new relationships professionally and personally. Minor facial blindness patients may have difficulties in identifying strangers and individuals they do not know well. Patients with moderate to severe prosopagnosia may have challenges recognizing the faces of people they see regularly, including close friends and family. In extreme cases of facial blindness, patients may struggle to recognize their faces, resulting in depression and social anxiety. The disorder is consistent and reoccurring, and it does not go away (Murray et al., 2018). Difficulty with facial recognition for affected individuals can manifest in various ways, including making the patients fail to identify face emotion expressions such as anger, joy, and surprise. The disorder also makes it hard for patients to keep track of movie characters and may be confused in movie plots and movies with many characters. Patients with prosopagnosia fail to recognize objects they have seen before and places they have visited, making navigation a struggle for them. Facial blindness convalescents have defective recognition of familiar faces in person and paragraphs. The patients also have difficulties in identifying people wearing uniforms of similar types of clothing. Other ways to face agnosia manifests are avoiding meeting new individuals, refusing to greet people by names, feeling disoriented in crowded places and identity establishment via enquiring personal questions, focusing on hairstyles, colognes perfumes, and clothing. Other symptoms of face blindness are characterized by other things, such as the shyness of the affected individual (Murray et al., 2018). Facial agnosia is not connected to memory loss, learning disabilities, memory debilitation, or impaired vision. Instead, it is thought to be caused by abnormalities, damages, and impairments in the patients’ right-side fusiform gyrus. The fusiform gyrus is a brain fold that coordinates the patient’s neural system controlling their memory and facial perception. Facial agnosia causes also depend on the type of agnosia involved, developmental or acquired. Studies have revealed that developmental prosopagnosia patients may have anatomical differences in various parts of their brains related to face processing, such as the fusiform gyrus area in the temporal and occipital lobe base surface. The disorder may be genetically rooted since it runs in different family members and is present in several family members. Nevertheless, the same genes controlling facial recognition have not been pointed out. Remarkably, identical twins have the exact facial recognition expertise, while fraternal twins have different facial recognition skills (Baptist Health, 2020). Since acquired prosopagnosia is caused by brain injury, various outcomes of brain damage such as stroke, head trauma, and blood supply inadequacy can cause facial recognition problems. Additionally, blood lesions such as tumors can also cause acquired face blindness. Ultimately, degenerating (Neurodegenerative) illnesses such as Alzheimer’s can lead to acquired face agnosia since they reduce brain parts gradually. Besides, it is essential to note that, despite being common in autism patients than in the general population, prosopagnosia is not dependent on autism (Shabir & Logan, 2020). Apperceptive and Associative Agnosia Differences in Prosopagnosia Figure 1.1 The patients recognized geometric shapes more accurately Figure 1.2 For ...