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Topic:
Antibiotic Use in the Outpatient Department in China
Essay Instructions:
The purpose of this assignment is to provide research evidence in support of the PICOT you developed for your selected topic.
Conduct a search for 10 peer-reviewed, translational research articles published within the last 5 years that demonstrate support for your PICOT. You may include previous research articles from assignments completed in this course. Use the "Literature Evaluation Table" provided to evaluate the articles and explain how the research supports your PICOT.
*** I have attached all prior assignments related to this that you've done for reference. I have also attached the necessary Literature Table for the assignment******
thank you!
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Literature Evaluation Table
Learner Name:
PICOT:
90487536830In patients with acute bronchitis (I), which between a broad-spectrum antibiotic (I) versus supportive treatment alone (C) significantly reduce the lost working hours and days (O) over the course of one-week treatment?00In patients with acute bronchitis (I), which between a broad-spectrum antibiotic (I) versus supportive treatment alone (C) significantly reduce the lost working hours and days (O) over the course of one-week treatment?
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Article Title and Year Published
Research Questions/ Hypothesis, and Purpose/Aim of Study
Design (Quantitative, Qualitative, or other)
Setting/Sample
Methods: Intervention/ Instruments
Analysis/Data Collection
Outcomes/Key Findings
Recommendations
Explanation of How the Article Supports Your Proposed EBP Practice Project Proposal
1 Fu, M., Wushouer, H., Hu, L., Li, N., Guan, X., Shi, L., & Ross-Degnan, D. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 31(1), 1-7.
Outpatient prescribing pattern for acute bronchitis in primary healthcare settings in China. 2021.
The study aims to investigate antibiotic use in the outpatient department, identify the prognosticators of its use, and ascertain the patterns in prescribing antibiotics in patients with acute bronchitis in primary outpatient settings in China.
Quantitative
The samples were taken from township hospitals in rural areas and community health centers in urban areas across China.
The Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical classification J01 was used to classify the type of antibiotic.
National cross-sectional survey
Chinese primary healthcare settings frequently prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics, accounting for 91.5% of all prescriptions. Overall, the rate is at 44.5%, with variations between rural and urban areas computed at a p-value of less than 0.05. Lastly, only 31% of the prescribing physicians follow the guidelines for acute bronchitis treatment in adults.
N/A
The article supports broad-spectrum antibiotics in treating acute bronchitis, as practiced by primary healthcare physicians in China. However, it also contradicts the validity of its use as most did not follow the guidelines.
2 Kruttschnitt, E., Wegener, T., Zahner, C., & Henzen-Bücking, S. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Assessment of the efficacy and safety of ivy leaf (Hedera helix) cough syrup compared with acetylcysteine (ACC) in adults and children with acute bronchitis. 2020.
The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of ivy leaf extract-containing cough syrup versus ACC in children and adults with acute bronchitis.
Quantitative
The samples were taken from 139 Swiss patients, gathered by 25 physicians. The recruitment began in January 2017 to March 2018. The included patients were six years old and above who present with symptoms of acute bronchitis plus productive cough that lasted for at least three days. They must not be treated with the intervention in the study. Those with hypersensitivity to the components of the intervention and those who were treated two weeks before the study began were not legible to participate.
The intervention is the cough syrup which contains the following formulations: 1) 35 milligrams (mg) of Hedera helix (Ivy Leaf) dry extract in every 5 milliliters (mL) of cough syrup.
The ACC given was in the form of mono acetylcysteine. Its preparations can be syrup, granulate, or effervescent tablets available in the Swiss market.
The data was collected through the bronchitis severity score (BSS) on the seventh day of the intervention. The data analysis was conducted through a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U statistical test and via measures of dispersion (i.e., standard deviation).
Coughing was the most common complaint among all the participants, with the severity of symptoms at 6.5 and 6.7 in the cough syrup with leaf extract versus ACC, respectively. After the treatment, the BSS score reduced by 1.8 and 2.1 in cough syrup with leaf extract and ACC groups, respectively, which shows no significant difference based on statistical calculations. Nevertheless, both are effective in treating acute bronchitis in children and adults.
The cough syrup with ivy leaf extract preparation is as effective as ACC. Therefore, it can be recommended for supportive treatment of acute bronchitis in place of ACC.
The study provides data on the possible supportive treatment in acute bronchitis. In addition, it contains necessary information that supports the comparison group of the study.
3 Middeldorp, M., Loef, B., van der Beek, A. J., van Baarle, D., & Proper, K. I. Chronobiology International, 37(9-10), 1325-1334.
Sickness absenteeism, work performance, and healthcare use due to respiratory infections for shift and non-shift workers. 2020.
Middeldorp et al. (2020) compared the number of absences of the healthcare workers in hospitals secondary to respiratory symptoms or diseases versus their general number of absences and work performance.
Quantitative
The participants were taken from the Klokwerk+, which was a prospective cohort study. Five hundred and eighty-nine samples were taken, all of whom were healthcare workers in various hospitals in the Netherlands.
The work statuses of the participants were identified based on questions relevant to the international consensus report.
A diary smartphone was used to monitor the presence of influenza-like or respiratory infection-like symptoms.
The number of absences was tracked by questioning the participants on their status during the period of sickness due to influenza-like or respiratory infection-like symptoms. Conversely, general absenteeism was monitored based on the World Health Organization Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-WPQ).
Lastly, the work performance was rated based on a ten-point scale.
The mixed-model regression analysis was utilized in evaluating the data.
General sickness absenteeism is around 14.8% and 19% for shift and non-shift workers, respectively. The former had a five-day average of absences in four weeks secondary to the said health illnesses. Conversely, the latter only had 3.5 days of absences.
The researchers recommend including the type of tasks assigned to the healthcare workers to analyze the results based on this missing factor.
The article provides information on the outcome of the proposed study, which is the reduction of absences.
4 Pouwels, K. B., Hopkins, S., Llewelyn, M. J., Walker, A. S., McNulty, C. A., & Robotham, J. V. BMJ, 364.
Duration of antibiotic treatment for common infections in English primary care: cross-sectional analysis and comparison with guidelines. 2019.
The research aims to assess the length of antibiotic prescription for ...
Learner Name:
PICOT:
90487536830In patients with acute bronchitis (I), which between a broad-spectrum antibiotic (I) versus supportive treatment alone (C) significantly reduce the lost working hours and days (O) over the course of one-week treatment?00In patients with acute bronchitis (I), which between a broad-spectrum antibiotic (I) versus supportive treatment alone (C) significantly reduce the lost working hours and days (O) over the course of one-week treatment?
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Article Title and Year Published
Research Questions/ Hypothesis, and Purpose/Aim of Study
Design (Quantitative, Qualitative, or other)
Setting/Sample
Methods: Intervention/ Instruments
Analysis/Data Collection
Outcomes/Key Findings
Recommendations
Explanation of How the Article Supports Your Proposed EBP Practice Project Proposal
1 Fu, M., Wushouer, H., Hu, L., Li, N., Guan, X., Shi, L., & Ross-Degnan, D. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 31(1), 1-7.
Outpatient prescribing pattern for acute bronchitis in primary healthcare settings in China. 2021.
The study aims to investigate antibiotic use in the outpatient department, identify the prognosticators of its use, and ascertain the patterns in prescribing antibiotics in patients with acute bronchitis in primary outpatient settings in China.
Quantitative
The samples were taken from township hospitals in rural areas and community health centers in urban areas across China.
The Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical classification J01 was used to classify the type of antibiotic.
National cross-sectional survey
Chinese primary healthcare settings frequently prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics, accounting for 91.5% of all prescriptions. Overall, the rate is at 44.5%, with variations between rural and urban areas computed at a p-value of less than 0.05. Lastly, only 31% of the prescribing physicians follow the guidelines for acute bronchitis treatment in adults.
N/A
The article supports broad-spectrum antibiotics in treating acute bronchitis, as practiced by primary healthcare physicians in China. However, it also contradicts the validity of its use as most did not follow the guidelines.
2 Kruttschnitt, E., Wegener, T., Zahner, C., & Henzen-Bücking, S. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Assessment of the efficacy and safety of ivy leaf (Hedera helix) cough syrup compared with acetylcysteine (ACC) in adults and children with acute bronchitis. 2020.
The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of ivy leaf extract-containing cough syrup versus ACC in children and adults with acute bronchitis.
Quantitative
The samples were taken from 139 Swiss patients, gathered by 25 physicians. The recruitment began in January 2017 to March 2018. The included patients were six years old and above who present with symptoms of acute bronchitis plus productive cough that lasted for at least three days. They must not be treated with the intervention in the study. Those with hypersensitivity to the components of the intervention and those who were treated two weeks before the study began were not legible to participate.
The intervention is the cough syrup which contains the following formulations: 1) 35 milligrams (mg) of Hedera helix (Ivy Leaf) dry extract in every 5 milliliters (mL) of cough syrup.
The ACC given was in the form of mono acetylcysteine. Its preparations can be syrup, granulate, or effervescent tablets available in the Swiss market.
The data was collected through the bronchitis severity score (BSS) on the seventh day of the intervention. The data analysis was conducted through a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U statistical test and via measures of dispersion (i.e., standard deviation).
Coughing was the most common complaint among all the participants, with the severity of symptoms at 6.5 and 6.7 in the cough syrup with leaf extract versus ACC, respectively. After the treatment, the BSS score reduced by 1.8 and 2.1 in cough syrup with leaf extract and ACC groups, respectively, which shows no significant difference based on statistical calculations. Nevertheless, both are effective in treating acute bronchitis in children and adults.
The cough syrup with ivy leaf extract preparation is as effective as ACC. Therefore, it can be recommended for supportive treatment of acute bronchitis in place of ACC.
The study provides data on the possible supportive treatment in acute bronchitis. In addition, it contains necessary information that supports the comparison group of the study.
3 Middeldorp, M., Loef, B., van der Beek, A. J., van Baarle, D., & Proper, K. I. Chronobiology International, 37(9-10), 1325-1334.
Sickness absenteeism, work performance, and healthcare use due to respiratory infections for shift and non-shift workers. 2020.
Middeldorp et al. (2020) compared the number of absences of the healthcare workers in hospitals secondary to respiratory symptoms or diseases versus their general number of absences and work performance.
Quantitative
The participants were taken from the Klokwerk+, which was a prospective cohort study. Five hundred and eighty-nine samples were taken, all of whom were healthcare workers in various hospitals in the Netherlands.
The work statuses of the participants were identified based on questions relevant to the international consensus report.
A diary smartphone was used to monitor the presence of influenza-like or respiratory infection-like symptoms.
The number of absences was tracked by questioning the participants on their status during the period of sickness due to influenza-like or respiratory infection-like symptoms. Conversely, general absenteeism was monitored based on the World Health Organization Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-WPQ).
Lastly, the work performance was rated based on a ten-point scale.
The mixed-model regression analysis was utilized in evaluating the data.
General sickness absenteeism is around 14.8% and 19% for shift and non-shift workers, respectively. The former had a five-day average of absences in four weeks secondary to the said health illnesses. Conversely, the latter only had 3.5 days of absences.
The researchers recommend including the type of tasks assigned to the healthcare workers to analyze the results based on this missing factor.
The article provides information on the outcome of the proposed study, which is the reduction of absences.
4 Pouwels, K. B., Hopkins, S., Llewelyn, M. J., Walker, A. S., McNulty, C. A., & Robotham, J. V. BMJ, 364.
Duration of antibiotic treatment for common infections in English primary care: cross-sectional analysis and comparison with guidelines. 2019.
The research aims to assess the length of antibiotic prescription for ...
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