Disability Comparison Template: IDEA Disability Categories

Disability Comparison Template
Part 1
For this section of the template, focus on gathering details about the IDEA disability categories. Review the textbook and the topic study materials and use them to complete the chart. Note that "Autism" has been completed for you as an example.
Disability Category

Definition

Characteristics

Causes

Prevalence

Potential Effect on Learning

Autism

Autism is a developmental disability that affects communication (verbal and nonverbal) and social skills.

-Difficulty communicating and interpreting motives and cues of others
-Not comfortable with change
-Poor social skills
-May engage in the same activity repeatedly (SARRC, n.d.)

The causes of autism are unclear but have something to do with brain development before birth.

Autism is one of the fastest-growing disabilities. Prevalence has changed to 1 in 68 children in the U.S. (Autism Society, 2016, para. 2)

Difficulty with written expression. Reading comprehension, math problem solving, and fine and gross motor skills may also be affected, over and under selective attention

Deaf-Blind

Deaf blindness is a multi-sensory impairment that combines sight and hearing loss. It affects an individual's ability to interpret information and communicate.

-Difficulty in engaging and following a conversation.
-The need to turn up the volume of devices
-Inability to hear a call to action such as a knock on the door.
-Requiring others to speak slowly or loudly.
-Reading with books or newspapers close to the face.
-Sitting close to a television.

Age can lead to the deterioration of hearing ability and eyesight. However, in children, it can be brought upon by genetic conditions such as Usher syndrome.
Cerebral paralysis and infection in the womb are some of the causes.

In the U.S., approximately 10,000 children and youth have been diagnosed with deaf-blindness.

Children can be detached from the world depending on the severity of the disease. Consequently, this limits a child's interests and interaction with the environment

Deafness

This is the inability to interpret speech through hearing.

-Difficulty in following conversations.
- Exhibits confusion or some form of articulation difficulty.
-Exhibits a degree of delay in information processing.
-Difficulties with social/emotional or interpersonal skills

-Exposure to loud noise
-Hereditary predisposition.
-Medications such as antibiotic gentamicin, sildenafil (Viagra), and certain chemotherapy drugs
-Illnesses such as meningitis.

According to the CDC, approximately 1 to 3 per 1,000 children have hearing loss.

-Caused delay in the development of communication receptors and skills.
-The language deficit can lead to social isolation and poor self-image.

Developmental Delay

Inadequate development of skills of a child compared to the peers. It can manifest in the form of motor, speech, cognitive, language, play, and social inadequacy.

-Floppy limbs
-Stiff movements and joints such as neck, arms, and legs.
-limited sitting without support by nine months.
-A child is comfortable with expressing their needs through pointing but isn't speaking.
-Poor hearing
-Coordination problems
-Repetitive movements and routines.


-Premature birth
-Malnutrition
-Limited hearing and eyesight
-Genetic predisposition such as down syndrome.
-Lack of oxygen during delivery.
Drug abuse during pregnancy.
-Physical abuse.

Approximately 1 in 6 children have one more developmental delay in the U.S.

-Reduced intellectual functioning, consequently interfering with awareness.
-Communication difficulties.
Difficulty in dealing with frustration, thus the likelihood of prolonged tantrums.

Emotional Disturbance

This is a condition that exhibits an inappropriate type of behaviors over extended periods

-Hyperactivity
-Aggression to others or oneself
-Social withdrawal
-Immaturity
-Learning difficulties.

-Stress
-Brain disorder
-Diet
-Heredity
-Family dynamic

Approximately 17.1 million of 74.5 million children in the U.S. have a psychiatric disorder.

-Irrational fear of socializing or attempt to engage in learning activities
-Dramatic changes in mood from overly high to sad and hopeless, causing a child to struggle to keep up with learning requirements.


Hearing Impairment

Inability to hear a sound

-Sensitivity to sound
-Ringing ears
-Speech delay

-Diabetes
-Meningitis
-Viral infections such as measles
-Injury


15% of school-going children aged (6-19) have some degree of hearing loss.


-Difficulty in understanding language and mathematical concepts.

Intellectual Disability

Refers to a below-average level of intelligence before the age of 18

-Cognitive deficit
-Impulsive and hyperactive behavior
-Underdeveloped life and social skills.

-Genetics
-Pregnancy and delivery complications
-Diseases or exposure to toxic materials


0.73% among children aged 3-7, 1.45% among children aged 8-12 years, and 1.40% among children aged 13-17 years
CITATION Ben172 \l 1033 (Benjamin Zablotsky, 2017).

-Slow cognitive processing time
- Difficulties in communication
- Motor skill impairment


Multiple Disabilities

This term encompasses a combination of disabilities present in one person.

-Limited speech and communication
Limited physical mobility.
Forgetful tendencies
-An increased need for external support.

-Premature birth.
-Chromosomal abnormalities
-Infections
-Genetic disorders
-Injuries from accidents or abuse

According to The National Centre For Education's report 2016-207, 2% of students aged 3-21 were identified to have multiple disabilities. This is 13% of the total population of children that received special education services.

-Slow learning
-Lack of generalization skills from situation to situation
-More forgetful
Visual and auditory deficits that limit communication
-Might require specialized attention.

Orthopedic Impairment

IDEA classifies this as a bone, joint, or muscle-related disability.

-Paralysis
-Limited mobility
-Difficulty with expressive language
-Limited ability to perform daily activities
-

-Amputation
-Cerebral paralysis
-Genetic abnormality
-Severe injury
-Birth trauma


1.0% of all students have a classification in special education, according to the U.S Department of Education.

-Disorganization
-Visual challenges
-Restlessness that affects concentration
-Fragile self and social perception
-Mental retardation

Other Health Impairment

OHI refers to limits in strength, alertness, vitality, and a lack of heightened responsiveness to environmental stimuli

-Increased fatigue
-Muscle weakness
-Lack of physical and mental stamina
-Inability to maintain focus
-Frequent absenteeism
-Coordination difficulties

-Accidents
-Heredity such as Hemophilia
-Seizure disorder and Epilepsy.
-Allergies

12.0% of all students have a classification in special education, according to the U.S Department of Education.

Unless the impairments are neurological, they are less likely to affect ...