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A Comparative Analysis of Pastoral and Cynegetic Powers Student’s name Department: University Course: Course Code Instructor’s name Date A Comparative Analysis of Pastoral and Cynegetic Powers in the Films '13th' Introduction The question of power, resistance, and control always emerges whenever someone is subjected to the modern world's surveillance process. While referring to the theory of Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser, this essay discusses their ideas and links the inclusionary and exclusionary surveillance techniques. Foucault's idea of surveillance, which combines many kinds of observation, leads to understanding the surveillance society. The socioenvironmental model contemplates people's perception of being watched, hence self-governance. Althusser's concept of the ideological state machinery highlights how institutions shape identities and worldviews more quietly. Furthermore, the essay will further broaden the issue of the surveillance mechanism control through the analysis of surveillance tools by the resistance forces. In 'The Battle of Algiers' and 'The Square, ' the relationship between the power structures underlying conventional surveillance and sousveillance is the topic of this article. They display how these battlers against suppressive governments apply various technologies and join group efforts to change the status quo. Through a comparative study, this article aims to analyze the contradictory character of surveillance in contemporary society, highlighting its potential for restraining people and the possibility of it being opposed. Theoretical Framework Inclusion The included surveillance is best illustrated by Foucault's idea of the Panopticon, a prison built for ongoing observation. Imagine a prison where, although not being watched at any one time, prisoners feel as though they are. Conformity and self-control follow from this internalized gaze. Beyond prisons, this paradigm affects societal control using social media surveillance, security cameras, and other instruments. People become aware of this "inclusion" and adjust their actions to elude notice. This phenomenon is clarified by Althusser's notion of Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) (Foucault 2007). As ISAs, schools, media, and religious organizations all quietly spread prevailing views through casual contact. People are "interpellated"—placed into particular subject roles within the social structure—and internalize particular values and views. Exclusion Conversely, exclusionary monitoring targets particular groups that are seen to be dangerous. Profiling, data collecting, and travel limitations are all possible. Police might, for instance, use facial recognition software to follow someone they suspect of criminal activities. With exclusionary surveillance, particular populations are to be isolated and under control. Pastoral vs. Cynegetic Power As Foucault puts it, pastoral power is fundamentally a form of goodwill that seeks the people's salvation, well-being, and safety. This power is individual because it goes as far as specific details in daily life that cover spiritual and physical well-being. The pastor, or in political terms, the state, operates from the duty of taking care of individual welfare, which by extension covers the entire flock (Althusser 2010). On the other hand, cynegetic power is the pursuit and capturing of individuals conceived as being outside or in contradiction with the normative social ordering. Where pastoral power takes care of and deals with the welfare of the governable, on the other side, cynegetic power does not. It is riddled with division, exclusion, and, most often, tactics of extermination. Such a form of power is evident in practices such as racial profiling, mass surveillance, and the militarization of police forces. Analysis of Films 1. " The Battle of Algiers” "The Battle of Algiers" depicts Algeria's bloody fight to win freedom from French colonial control. The Panopticon model is one example of the ubiquitous inclusionary surveillance used by the French authorities. A vast network of informants and security cameras aims to suppress dissent by making one feel constantly monitored. The movie shows well-watched public areas where people know about French surveillance. Behavior is shaped by this awareness, which causes self-censorship and dread of reprisals for any resistance act. But the movie also shows off exclusive monitoring. The French go for particular people and organizations thought to have pro-independence sentiments. While their activities are monitored through informants and undercover operatives, known campaigners may be identified using facial...