HDFS 225 Lifespan Human Development. Social Sciences Coursework
The assignment is for the course Lifespan Human Development in Family. The detailed instruction will be uploaded in the PDF. Basically, just read he article and answer the questions.
Student Name:
HDFS 225 Lifespan Human Development
Attachment Assignment
Due Sunday Nov. 22 @ 11:59pm to D2L
Blank papers or papers submitted in Pages format will have 5 points deducted.
Points will be deducted for unexcused late assignments
The purpose of this assignment is to have you explore the relationships between attachment and Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. For this assignment, you will read the article by Pittman, Keiley, Kerpelmen, & Vaughn (2011) (posted on D2L), and summarize and connect ideas from the article, and reflect on your own attachment and development. This assignment is worth 55 points. Points will be awarded according to:
● How well you followed the instructions.
● Evidence that you read and understood the article.
● Depth and thoughtfulness of responses.
When completing this assignment, please do not disclose information that you are not comfortable disclosing (e.g., experiences of childhood abuses). If you do choose to disclose sensitive personal information, please refer to p. 6 of the syllabus for MSU’s policy on limits to confidentiality.
Part 1: Attachment Across the Life Span (26 pts total)
For this part of the assignment, refer to the Attachment Across the Life Span section of the article. Simply write (in your own words) your responses to the items below in the space provided after each item.
● (3 pts) What is meant by secure base attachment, and how is it developed in early childhood?
● (3 pts) Why is attachment important?
● (12 pts) In the table below, identify and describe the patterns of attachment in early childhood and how attachment figure behaviors (usually the mother) influence the development of these patterns. In other words, describe each attachment pattern of early childhood. Also, describe the types of behaviors that mothers (or other attachment figures) might exhibit that contribute to the attachment patterns.
Patterns of Attachment in Early Childhood What are the Child Behaviors associated with each attachment pattern? What are the Mother’s Behaviors associated with each attachment pattern?
1. Secure Attachment 2. Insecurely attached; resistant 3. Insecurely attached; avoidant
4. Disorganized and disoriented
● (8 pts) In the space below, use Bartholomew’s Model (discussed in the article) to identify the patterns of attachment in late adolescence/early adulthood, and describe the types of relationship attachment behaviors exhibited for each pattern (as described on pp. 35-36).
1. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with low anxiety & low avoidance:
2. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with low anxiety & high avoidance:
3. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with high anxiety & low avoidance:
4. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with high anxiety & high avoidance:
Part 2: Erikson’s Developmental Framework (17 pts total)
For this part of the assignment, refer to the Erikson’s Developmental Framework section of the article. Simply write (in your own words) your responses to the items below in the space provided after each item.
● (3 pts) Discuss the importance of the quality of the caregiver-child relationship in the first four stages of Erikson’s stages. In other words, why is the quality of this relationship so important for the four early stages? In your response you might consider and discuss the importance of exploration and engagement for healthy development.
● (3 pts) Identity is a very complex concept. From your perspective, which definition discussed in the article is the most helpful to understanding the process of identity formation?
● (8 pts) In the space below, identify and describe the patterns of identity process and outcome that Marcia identified in his research.
1. Name the identify pattern process for those who exhibit low commitment and low exploration, and explain what you think that means:
2. Name the identify pattern process for those who exhibit low commitment and high exploration, and explain what you think that means:
3. Name the identify pattern process for those who exhibit high commitment and low exploration, and explain what you think that means:
4. Name the identify pattern process for those who exhibit high commitment and high exploration, and explain what you think that means:
● (3 pts) What is the relationship between identify formation and intimacy? In your response, discuss why intimate relationships are important to identity formation and maintenance.
Part 3: Reflection and Conclusion (12 pts total)
For this part of the paper, consider all you read in the article and reflect and respond to the items below. Because this part of the assignment requires reflection, you may use first person (I, we, etc.) in your responses.
● (3 pts) What do you think your attachment pattern was in early childhood? Why do you think so? In your response, consider the behaviors and nurturing behaviors of your attachment figure, and the extent to which exploration and engagement were encouraged by your attachment figure.
● (3 pts) Consider your process of identity development (so far since adolescence). Which of Marcia’s patterns of identify process do you most relate with? Explain why you think so (use language from the patterns discussed on p. 38). How have your parents (attachment figures) informed your identity process? How have intimate friendships or intimate partner relationships informed your identity process?
● (3 pts) What do you think is your adult attachment style? Why do you think so (use language related to attachment styles discussed in Part 1)? How closely does it match your attachment style from childhood? What do you think were the biggest influences of this?
For this part of the assignment, refer to the attachment Across the Life Span section. Write (in your own words) your responses to the items below in the space provided after each item.
What is meant by secure base attachment, and how is it developed in early childhood?
Secure base attachment is a very strong emotional and biological bond naturally developed between the child and the caregiver. In this context, the caregiver refers to the child’s biological parent or foster parent, or any other person who is closely attached to the child in the initial stages of development. It is developed when the caregiver who happens to be a parent observes and responds to the child’s communicative patterns. The caregiver must be physically present at all times and must respond to the child’s psychological needs. The interaction between the child and the caregiver must be very smooth and cordial. The parent figure must be conversant with the child’s emotional activity all the time.
Why is attachment important?
The attachment is vital since it enables a child to develop strong social relationships with the family members and teachers and other adults outside the family setup. The table below identifies and describes the patterns of attachment in early childhood and how attachment figure behaviors (usually the mother) influence the development of these patterns. In other words, describe each attachment pattern of early childhood. Also, describe the types of behaviors that mothers (or other attachment figures) might exhibit that contribute to the attachment patterns.
Patterns of Attachment in Early Childhood
What are the Child Behaviors associated with each attachment pattern?
What are the Mother’s Behaviors associated with each attachment pattern?
1 Secure Attachment
The children showed a smooth and harmonious behavior at home and could readily be comforted if they were distressed upon separation from the mother.
The mothers were very sensitive to their children’s communicative patterns, always available, and cooperated well with them.
2 Insecurely attached; resistant.
The children were less smooth and less harmonious than the securely attached children and were somehow fussy. They became angry and did not relate well with their mothers.
The mothers were generally less aware of their children’s communicative signals; they did not cooperate well. They were not available and were not cognizant of the child’s behavior.
3 Insecurely attached; avoidant.
The children failed to respond to the mother’s invitation when she approached them. They did not show any signs of overt distress during separation.
The mothers did not accept any inconvenience associated with the caregiving role.
4 Disorganized and disoriented
The child may not show any common pattern and may shift. They can also shift their attachment strategy throughout the separation. Children in this category may be malnourished, abused, or neglected.
The mothers induce fear in the children. Parents of such children could have been victims of poor parenting.
In the space below, use Bartholomew’s Model (discussed in the article) to identify attachment patterns in late adolescence/early adulthood and describe the types of relationship attachment behaviors exhibited for each pattern (as described on pp. 35-36).
1. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with low anxiety & low avoidance:
This group largely perceives itself as secure and has a positive representation of themselves and the world at large. They feel so confident about themselves and are so much satisfied with their romantic relationships.
2. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with low anxiety & high avoidance:
A dismissing group with a positive model of self but a negative model of other/world. They tend to be so much emotionally close to their partners and worry that their partners might live or betray them. Such groups of people may not consider their partner’s preferences
3. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with high anxiety & low avoidance:
This group largely associates itself with a negative model of itself but a positive model of the world. They feel so good about themselves; they somehow feel that they are more worthy than their partners. Despite the positive feeling about themselves, at the back of their minds, they know they are incompetent and fear being judged by others
4. Name and describe Bartholomew’s pattern for the group with high anxiety & high avoidance
It is a group that is considered fearful and has a negative model of itself and the world. They exhibit some disorganization that limits them from engaging in intimacy. This group of people has no coherent and continuous representation of themselves. They tend to show avoidant tendencies in relationships.
Part 2: Erikson’s Developmental Framework (17 pts total)
For this part of the assignment, refer to Erikson’s Developmental Framework section of the article. Write (in your own words) your responses to the items below in the space provided after each item. Discuss the importance of the caregiver-child relationship’s quality in the first four stages of Erikson’s stages. In other words, why is the quality of this relationship so important for the four early stages? In your response, you might consider and discuss the importance of exploration and engagement for healthy development.
Children who were taken care of in the early stages of development tend t...
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