Study guide

Study Guide Name Institution Course Code and Title Instructor Date Study Guide Chapter 5: Karen Horney 1. In terms of the development of personality, as opposed to Sigmund Freud and the sex drive as the most important influencer, what did Horney believe? Karen Horney believed that the formation of personality is based on cultural and social factors and the events related to survival and safety experienced during childhood, unlike Freud’s ideas on the contribution of sex to human personality (Schultz & Schultz, 2017). She assumed that the primary forms of anxiety, isolation, and helplessness are the significant sources of human behavior as opposed to sex. 2. Your textbook discusses Horney's experience with marriage, her attraction to forceful men, and her search for love. In a couple of sentences, what lessons are there in her journey? How do you think her experiences might have influenced her work/theories? Horney's failure to succumb to being married to an authoritative man, combined with the neglect from her parents and feeling of being doubted by people around her, impacted her goals and personal and professional life (Schultz & Schultz, 2017). This shows how her experiences at a personal and professional level determine her growth as a psychologist through her theories and especially her emphasis on neurosis and idealized self-image. These encounters most likely caused her criticism of the Freudian theory concerning development. 3. What is primary anxiety according to Horney's theory? Horny describes primary anxiety as a chronic sensation in which one feels lonely and isolated from others and as the foundation of her neurosis concept (Schultz & Schultz, 2017). She explains it as a result of being threatened and unsafe experiences of childhood years, and the insecurity causes neurotic requirements and trends in order to cope with the fears (YouTube, 2021). 4. Discuss the importance of the parent-child relationship, according to Horney, and the potential consequences of that relationship being unhealthy. According to Horney, the existing bond between a child and a parent should form a stable and caring relationship where the child feels secure and safe. If this relationship is unhealthy, the child develops anxiety and may become neurotic, hence impairing their behavior. 5. List and describe Horney's three trends (compliance, aggression, and withdrawal). Compliance: Developing a sense of trust through being closer to people and seeking emotional support and love. Aggression: Being against what other people say and wanting to have power and control over them in a situation that instigates a fight among them. Withdrawal: Separating oneself from others and seeking autonomy and perfection while rejecting the feeling of insecurity and anxiety that comes one's way. 6. How would Horney define "neurotic"? Horney defines "neurotic" as applying to people who defend their feelings of anxiety more often, becoming a developed character and personality in which one thinks of self-destructive behavior. 7. Define the "idealized self." The unrealistic self-assessment entails thoughts of how one should be instead of what one really is. It is a strategy of fighting the fear of reality, thus introducing a gap between the person one is and who one intends to be. 8. What was Horney's view of the role of women and the pursuit of a career and motherhood? What are your thoughts on this issue? Horney emphasizes that a woman finds self-worth through not only being a mother but also through the realization and development of talents and pursuing a career. She also explains the societal and cultural challenges faced by women and the need for gender equity for professional and personality development. 9. What is womb envy? Horney expressed the idea of "womb envy," introducing it as a way of men envying women for the role that they play in the process of reproduction, which is in contrast to the concept of penis envy presented by Freud. The theory of penis envy was linked to her broader criticism of Freud's idea of the female psyche. 10. In Horney's theory, what is the ultimate goal of therapy? To help individuals overcome their neurotic expressions of behavior, integrate their true and ideal selves, and build a harmonious, more integrated personality. Therapy was targeted at reducing primary anxiety and boosting self-development by identifying and working on the social and cultural root of the problem. Chapter 6: Erik Erikson 1. Your textbook discusses Erikson and his experience with his father. How might that relationship have affected his work/theories? Give your thoughts a...