Statistical Relationship Between Correlation and Causation

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Hi! It is authentic to state that correlation refers to the statistical association between study variables, including the frequency of their interaction to alter one another. On the other hand, causation reflects a cause-and-effect association between study variables because it implies that a shift in a specific study variable prompts an alteration in the other variable. Indeed, correlational data do not demonstrate causality because it fails to prove causality but because of the potential for confounding variables that could affect the authenticity of both variables (Bhandari, 2021). This problem related to the third variable is difficult that could potentially create a fallacious perspective that the variable demonstrates cause-and-effect association.
The article demonstrates correlation because the authors aimed to systematically appraise the association between preterm neonates’ pacifier usage and in...