Peer Response 2 (V. P) Discussion

Offer a brief response to this peer discussion below with at least one original peer-reviewed article within the last 5 years. At this point, I will be paying special attention to proper APA and graduate-level writing. All responses or postings are required to be written in a scholarly manner and should not exceed two paragraphs, single spaced. All references must be cited correctly in APA style. Please observe conventions of APA style as outlines in chapters two and three of the APA manual. Cite and reference peer-reviewed articles only. Do not cite the APA manual. Do not exclusively "recycle or reuse" your own articles or those of your peers for multiple postings. I am not looking for whether your agree or disagree. I am not interested in opinions. Your posts must be scholarly and in the APA style, not like journalism or social media. Do not state whether you agree or not. I am not interested in your opinions; I would rather you write something interesting. You are not writing social media and opinion pieces. Your posts should be free of bias and opinion. Avoid adjectives like "crucial" and "critical" etc. because in APA, those words must be defined, and because they seem opinionated and biased. Merely state findings and facts. Avoid exaggerated comments to your peers like "that was excellent." Just thank them and write your contribution. If your posts are just repeats of nothing new and filling up white space, then you will not gain points. I do not like fluff. Peer 2 Discussion Medical Conditions and Mental Health Symptoms Common and uncommon medical conditions can present with psychiatric symptoms or be a consequence of psychiatric disorders. For instance, delirium, which is caused by alcohol withdrawal, Wernicke's encephalopathy, and non-convulsive status epilepticcus can go unnoticed (Welch & Carson, 2018). The condition is characterized by a sudden onset, confusion, and fluctuating symptoms, making patients aggressive, distressed, or even psychotic. Limbic encephalitis refers to an autoimmune disorder that occurs in the limbic region and may cause psychiatric symptoms like restlessness, memory impairment, and hallucinations. Autoimmune diseases, which involve antibodies that attack the neuronal cell surface antigens in the limbic system, are possible causes. Besides that, autoimmune diseases such as NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis and other neurological disorders can also present psychiatric symptoms (Ferrafiat et al., 2021). Autoimmune encephalopathies, for instance, can result from an immune response against brain tissue. It is important for healthcare providers who are in the process of assessing a patient with psychiatric symptoms to consider these medical conditions for appropriate diagnosis and management. When evaluating patients with psychiatric symptoms that may be indicative of underlying medical conditions, various tests and procedures can be essential to rule in or rule out specific conditions. Some of these abnormalities may point to medical conditions that could be causing the psychiatric symptoms. Welch and Carson (2018) suggest the use of preliminary blood tests such as a full blood count, urea and electrolyte levels, liver and thyroid function tests, and glucose to confirm or rule out these abnormalities. Brain imaging, such as MRI can be used in situations where cognitive impairment is profound or difficult to relate to psychiatric disorders. Such tests may help reveal a focal pathology or rule out space-occupying lesions (Welch & Carson, 2018; Johanson et al., 2020). Additional tests that may also be required include EEG, lumbar puncture, autoimmune antibody testing, and drug screening. They may be useful in diagnosing disorders such as limbic encephalitis or autoimmune encephalopathies. References Ferrafiat, V., Riquin, E., Freri, E., Granata, T., Nardocci, N., Medjkane, F., Corfiotti, C., Tozzo, A., Pellerin, H., Benarous, X., Haroche, J., Amoura, Z., Duverger, P., Jardri, R., Gerardin, P., Cohen, D., Consoli, A., & Raffin, M. (2021). Psychiatric autoimmune conditions in children and adolescents: Is catatonia a severity marker? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 104, 110028. https://doi(dot)org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110028 Johanson, M., Vaurio, O., Tiihonen, J., & Lähteenvuo, M. (2020). A systematic literature review of neuroimaging of psychopathic traits. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https://doi(dot)org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01027 Welch, K. A., & Carson, A. J. (2018). When psychiatric symptoms reflect medical conditions. Clinical Medicine, 18(1), 80-87. https://doi(dot)org/10.7861/clinmedicine.18-1-80