Plan for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension

Plan for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension
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Plans for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension
Introduction
Following an increase in the number of hypertensive patients that are reported on a daily basis globally, there is a need for an effective method to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. According to Persson et al (2000), hypertension refers to a condition that interferes with the normal blood pumping in the human body. It is through blood high pressure that forces the process of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. There are various implications in the body that results due to the presence of high blood pressure in the body. For instance, Chockalingam et al (2006) reveals that the presence of hypertension in the human body makes it difficult for the heart to function properly. It forces the heart to workers harder in order to ensure that blood is pumped to other blood vessels such as blood arteries. However, in the process where the rate of hypertension is high, it always interferes with functions of the heart leading to heart failure.
Some of the causes of high blood pressure include smoking of cigarettes, use of much salt in the food, stress, genetics, chronic kidney disease, older age, lack of physical activities among others. On the other hand, Chockalingam et al (2006) suggest that some of the ways of preventing hypertension include regular physical exercise, use of less salt, having and maintaining a healthy weight, taking of healthy food, and avoid smoking and drinking among other recommended prevention measures. Additionally, there are four stages of hypertension or high blood pressure that medical practitioners may get through an effective diagnosis. These are normal blood pressure, prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension and stage2 hypertension as found by Dandoy et al (2013). Moreover, blood high pressure is diagnose through the use of inflatable arm cut with the help of measuring gauge and its outcome is determined in millimeters of the mercury (mmHg).
Thesis Statement
People suffering from hypertension have faced various problems such as heart attack. Therefore, there is need for this condition of the body to be prevented. Some of the recommended ways of solving the problem of high blood pressure in human being include taking of a well balance diet full of potassium and other nutrients, people should avoid consumption of alcohol and smoking of cigarettes, persons need to have regular physical exercise. Moreover, people need to take little salt among other requirement. Additionally, for patients who have already been diagnosed with hypertension need to take pills like calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, and rennin inhibitors as recommended by medical practitioners.
Objectives of the Paper
Based on the above causes and effects of high blood pressure, it is recommended that an operational approaches and methods of diagnosing and treatment of hypertension should be developed. Therefore, this paper provides a plan that will help in effective diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. The proposed project will also be helpful in understanding various causes and prevention of hypertension. Moreover, it finalizes with some of the recommendation that people need to know towards diminishing of hypertension.
Types of Hypertension
There are two main types of hypertension, the essential and secondary hypertension. According to Krisna et al (2013), essential hypertension is the type of hypertension that is diagnosed by doctors after realizing that patient's has high blood pressure. Although it is difficult to notice certain signs of essential hypertension but most of the patients may suffer from headache, dizziness and nose bleeding. On the other hand, secondary hypertension is the types of hypertension that exist due to failure by the arteries to supply blood to the kidney. Some of the causes of secondary hypertension include hormone abnormality, taking of too much salt and thyroid disease among others. Other types of hypertension that people may develop are isolated systolic, malignant, and resistant hypertension (Krisna et al (2013).
Causes of High Blood Pressure/Hypertension
* Smoking of Cigarette
There are various causes that are found to be causing hypertension to humans. Some of these are as a result of drug abuse while some are complications that people develop within the body. Therefore, in the process of diagnosing and treating of hypertension, these causes need to be known and understood by both the patient and medical practitioner. According to Grossman and Messerlin (2011), one of the most common causes of high blood pressure or hypertension is smoking of cigarette.It is recorded globally that people who experience heart failure are cigarette smokers. In the process of smoking cigarette, it results to the hardening of various vessels in the body like the arteries. This makes it difficult for the heart to perform its duty; hence, resulting to heart failure within humans. Moreover, smoking also affect human negatively because it results to the development of breathing problem and cancer. Therefore, the higher the number of cigarettes smoked in a day, the higher chances of hypertension development in the body (Bruno et al, 2013).
Another cause of hypertension through smoking of cigarette is realized among pregnant women. Sai (2013) revealed that most women who smoke and take pills that are recommended for their birth control have higher risks of developing stroke, heart attack and other peripheral vascular illness. Thus, through smoking, human are inhaling certain substances that are present in tobacco such nicotine. These substances affect the human heart in many ways. For instance, through the inhalation of nicotine in the body, it decreases oxygen supply to the heart leading to insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart, which causes heart failure. Apart from a decrease in oxygen supply, nicotine also is responsible for an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It also causes blood clotting and even damages certain blood cells that reside within the blood vessels in the body (Visser et al, 2013).
* Lack of enough Physical Exercise
Physical activity is an important exercise that every human need to involve in. However, it is recommended that before taking part in any physical exercise, people should seek guidance from their instructors in order to know the kind of activity to involve in and the level at which the exercise need to be taken.Therefore, through having an effective and recommended physical exercise, it helps in making the human body active (Bruno et al, 2013). This creates a better environment for blood vessels and other organs in the body to function properly. In relation to high blood pressure or high pretension, physical exercise is a very important activity as it helps in reducing heart rate of the humans. But lack of exercise in the body makes the body be inactive as found by Bruno et al (2013). When the body is an inactive, heart beat rate increases, an action which is very dangerous when performing certain duties. Consequently, through involvement in physical exercise, it helps human to reduce weight, which is important in factor in preventing the development of hypertension. Hence, people need to involve in physical exercise no matter how minimal it may be practiced.
* Lack of Balanced Diet
According toGrossman and Messerlin (2011), human being is required to take a well balanced diet in order to prevent various implications and illness that may be developed within our body. Lack of some of the nutrients in the body exposes human to high risks of developing hypertension in our bodies. For instance, lack of potassium in our diet may result to the development of high blood pressure in our bodies. By taking enough potassium within the body, it helps in the balancing the amount of salt within the blood vessels. Therefore, people need to take enough potassium and a little salt within the diet in order to prevent the development of high blood pressure in our bodies (Sai, 2013). Apart from having little potassium in the diet, another nutrient that may result to the development hypertension within a human body when not consumed in Vitamin D. Consequently, in order to prevent the development of hypertension within humans, people need to consume a lot of vitamin D (Sai, 2013)
* Drinking of Alcohol, Stress and Chronic Diseases
It is recommended that people take little alcohol that may not have a great effect to their health. However, excessive consumption of alcohol leads to heart damage. According Visser et al (2013), people who take more than two drinks risks their chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, people need to take either two bottles of alcohol a day or abstain from alcohol consumption in order to reduce their chances of developing hypertension. Another cause of hypertension that many people are unable to avoid is stress. For instance, Bruno et al (2013) found that having a high level of stress has a negative impact in the body because it results to increase in hypertension. Normally, people think that through consumption of alcohol and smoking of cigarettes would reduce stress but in the process, they increase chances of developing high blood pressure in the body. Moreover, there exist certain chronic diseases that increase risks of developing high blood pressure in the body (Sai, 2013). For instance, certain chronic conditions such as cholesterol, sleep apnea, and kidney disease in the body may result to the development of hypertension.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension
Many people refers to hypertension as a silent killer because it is difficult to known various signs and symptoms of the disease. This does not mean that hypertension has no signs at all but it has signs and symptoms that are difficult to discover. One of the reasons that make people to be unable to discover these signs is that they appear and occur under normal body temperature. Therefore, in their presence, people do think that they for the normal sicknesses, but they are the real signs of hypertension. Sibai (2012) found that some of these symptoms do occur as a result of brain, kidney, and heart or eye damage. They include breathless, a situation where patients suffering from hypertension find it difficult to breath properly as a result of poor breathing system within the heart and other vessels in the body. Another sign is the normal headache that people develop. Bleeding from the nose is other symptoms that people is considered as a sign of high blood pressure in the body, therefore, people need to seek diagnosis attention in the presence of frequent nose bleeding(Gaskin, 2006).
People who are developing or have developed hypertension within their bodies do experience a lot of fatigue in the body according to Gaskin (2006). This is caused due to lack of enough physical exercise in the body. Apart from being fatigue, such patients also develop sleepiness, which makes them feel dizzy most of the time. Another symptom that is common among many people suffering from hypertension is confusion. These people find themselves confused of the time. This affects even their concentration at work as some of people find it difficult to perform their duties effectively (Lovlien et al, 2009). The other sign that people developed towards hypertension is vomiting by the patients. Others include blurred vision where patients develop poor visibility, sweating of the patients and ringing in the ears of the patients. Therefore, it is recommended that in the presence of the above signs and symptoms, patients need to go for diagnosis of hypertension other than other medical check-up for other diseases such as malaria as found by Sabai (2012)
Recommended Diagnosis of Hypertension
Based on the above symptoms, a person may not decide to start medication for the treatment of hypertension before being diagnosed by the disease. The surety through diagnosis of hypertension is important for both the patient and the medical practitioner because they may exist as signs for other diseases other than high blood pressure. Additionally, patients should understand that the process of hypertension diagnosis is continuous and need to be done a number of times in order for the accurate results to be obtained (Lohmeier et al, 2013). The diagnosis of hypertension is done through the use of blood pressure test. However, during diagnosis process, when the results of the test turn to be 140/90 mmHg, it is recommendable for the doctor to use HBP in the diagnosis apart from the blood pressure test. Moreover, the presence of some of the kidney diseases or diabetes in the body, the result of the test of hypertension always indicates 130/80mmHg and is considered high blood pressure.
One of the factors that need to be considered for an effective and accurate diagnosis results to be obtain is the place where the test need to be done. In most cases, for patients without personal doctors do take their test within the clinic officers of their medical practitioners (Blayac et al, 2009). The second factor that patients need to consider is the preparation requirements for the test. For instance, it is required that 30 minutes prior to the test, patients need to avoid taking hard drinks such as alcohol and smoking of cigarettes as revealed by Krisna et al (2013).Apart from taking alcohol and smoking cigarettes, patients are also advised to stop taking coffee as these may develop some short-term blood pressure in their body. In the presence of the short-termed rise of blood pressure in the body, it will be difficult for doctors to get accurate results from hypertension testing.
Another requirement that patients who need to be diagnose on hypertension must respect is that they need to go for their short call before having the test. This requirement should be taken very seriously because the presence of a full bladder may result to inaccurate reading of the test. Therefore, for accurate results to be obtained from the test, doctors must ensure that they inform their patients to have short calls before the test (Burns et al, 2013). Moreover, patients who have to a take test for hypertension must ensure that they avoid movement. Hence, they are required to take a rest of approximately 5 minutes before the test is taken. This requirement is also important because movement may result to short-term blood pressure leading to inaccurate reading and recordings.
For accurate measurement of hypertension to be obtained, doctors and other medical practitioners involved must ensure that they use the re...