Threats to Maritime Critical Infrastructure: Maritime Cyber Security

Health Care Delivery, Information Systems, Operations, and Quality Assurance
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Threats to Maritime Critical Infrastructure: Maritime Cyber Security
1. Health Care Delivery and Models
Trust Hospice Service is a managed care organization (MCO), and these are integrated entities in the healthcare system, where behavioral health providers, hospitals, and specialists work together coordinate care. There is reduced cost for the hospice and other facilities part of the MCO network, but MCOs may require patients to have primary care providers. Trust Hospice Service provides hospice, palliative, and end-of-life care inpatient and outpatient services, and an effective system facilitates health care delivery, while quality assurance will promote continuous improvement.
* Inpatient, outpatient, and/or ancillary services.
Inpatient
* Palliative treatment, including non-curative, comfort care
* Uncontrolled pain management
* Pathological fractures
* Unmanageable respiratory distress
* Complex wound care
* Intensive symptom management
* Uncontrolled seizures
* Aiding comfort and non-medical assistance
Inpatient care is provided at the facility and may require around-the-clock clinical care, and close family members and friends often visit. Nonetheless, stabilizing patients with intensive symptoms and pain requires restrictions. There is non-medical assistance to patients and family members, which provides support and comfort to meet end-of-life care needs.
Outpatient
* Physical examination and evaluation
* Counseling
* Physiotherapy
* Pain management
In outpatient services, nurses and staff members visit the patients (clients) in their homes, which are familiar environments, and they assist the patients in their homes.
E-Health Services
* Telemedicine
* Electronic health records
* Health monitoring mobile applications
* Access to electronic health records with external apps
Hospice and Palliative Care* Prepare a map of delivery of care (services)
Verifying insurance
Referral
Inpatient and outpatient careE-health servicesTransition
Providing hospice and palliative care requires verifying insurance and determining status before evaluating the referral. When a patient is placed in the facility, they receive inpatient services. If there is a need to get outpatient care, nurses then visit them at homes and work together with close family members. In the provision of E-health services, there is an emphasis on following industry standards and maintaining patient privacy. The transition services include non-medical assistance such as emotional support that improves the quality of life.
2. Information Systems
Systems
The hospice uses a Hospice Information System (HIS). This integrated system allows patients to receive hospice and palliative care services, including telemetry on vital signs, online consultations, online health education, and online video services. Electronic health and medical records store important patient information and data. The HIS facilitates support of palliative care services, and data is collected, shared, and accessed by authorized users. Information on the patients in long-term care and end-of-life is required for documentation and shared decision-making. When exchanging information, health professionals access electronic medical records and rely on the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) tool, making it easier to follow standards and protect patient confidentiality.
Information collected, stored, and managed
The HIS and electronic health record (EHR) stores and manages patient data and stores patient health information. The system and EHR are interoperable through various interfaces, making it easier to exchange health information across different systems. Data is also a useful indicator of quality measures, and the exchange of data follows HL7 standards and the FHIR. Backup of the health information prevents data loss while data encryption improves data security, so there is unauthorized access.
Standards, policies, and security measures
Implementing HIPAA Controls and rules are essential in protecting against unauthorized use and disclosure. Hospice IT security will implement policies and procedures to ensure the information, data, and system are secure, including data transmission and protecting confidential patient data. The adoption of HIPAA safeguards combined with policies and procedures. Security practices ensure maintaining the hospice’s IT environment, and there is also a focus on marinating strict access control and following industry regulations.
Promoting interoperability
The organization will integrate technological data to share data and focus of data process sing, where data is exchanged based on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) and HL7 (Saripalle, Runyan,& Russell, 2019). Using data analysis applications based on standards will improve the delivery of health care services with clinical decisions made based on clinical data and best evidence.
3. Operations Management
NoScreening and assessmentTreatment preferences
High-quality care
YesEfficiency
Patient-centered care
The process map highlights interventions to provide high-quality outcomes and improve health, which requires screening, assessment, and diagnosis, so health outcomes are attainable. There should be efficiency in service delivery at the lowest cost. Being in an MCO is associated with sharing to reduce costs without compromising the quality of care.
EvaluationPlanning Referral
Best evidence to support intervention
Physical examinationIntervention and Reassessment
Patient monitoring and care
The process map highlights the clinical decision-making process where there is a need to use the best evidence to support decisions and interventions and get optimal outcomes in end-of-life care.
* Process maps to reflect inputs, outputs, and process steps
ProcessEvidence-based careInterventions feedbackSocial support Support for interventions InputsHealth workforceNon-medical staff Training E-health services SuppliesCapital Resources Total expenditure OutputsClient visitsDischarges Quality of care Health outcomes and errors Efficiency Pain management
The first process map reflects the model of inputs, outputs, and process at the organization highlights human resources, capital resources, and costs all affect the outcomes. The staff members should be trained and experienced to provide comprehensive care. The healthcare practitioners rely on the best evidence to support c...