Chronic Bronchitis, Heart Failure, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Panel Analysis

Case Study
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Case Study
Introduction
M. K. is a 45 years old female. Her height is 5’5” and her weight is 225 Ibs. The duration of M. K’s smoking is 22 years and she does not take a healthy diet. She is suffering from type II Diabetes mellitus with hypertension. As per her recent medical report, she is also suffering from chronic bronchitis. These days she is showing a few symptoms that include chronic cough, increased urination, peripheral edema, and headache.
Clinical Findings
Correlation with M. K‘s Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis is a subtype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. It results in narrowing the air route that causes inflammation in bronchi. The hyperplasia increased the mucous creation and it also makes the walls of the bronchi thick. Such factors contribute to blocking the air exchange in the airways that makes the breathing difficult. The main clinical finding of M.K‘s chronic bronchitis is her extreme smoking for twenty years. A large number of chronic bronchitis cases have been recorded because of smoking. Smoking is a bronchial irritant and it increases the size as well as quantity of bronchial mucous glands that ultimately generates excessive mucous ADDIN EN.CITE Kesimer2017941(Kesimer et al., 2017)94194117Kesimer, MehmetFord, Amina ACeppe, AgatheRadicioni, GiorgiaCao, RuiDavis, C WilliamDoerschuk, Claire MAlexis, Neil EAnderson, Wayne HHenderson, Ashley GAirway mucin concentration as a marker of chronic bronchitisNew England Journal of MedicineNew England Journal of Medicine911-9223771020170028-4793(Kesimer et al., 2017). Therefore, M. K. experiences a persistent cough. M. K. blood gas is 52mmHg PaCO2 that is an abnormal figure. A very low partial pressure of the oxygen in the blood is recorded that is 48mmHg and it is less than a normal value 75-100 mmHg.
Recommendation for M. K‘s Chronic Bronchitis
The recommendation for M. K. treatment includes the use of the steroid to lessen the inflammation of the airways. Bacterial infection can be eliminated by using albuterol inhaler, expectorants, and antibiotics. It is better to have influenza and pneumonia vaccines to lessen infection chances. It is recommended to M. K. to stop smoking instantly to control the exacerbation. It is better to keep herself away from allergens such as pollens, dust, etc ADDIN EN.CITE Kesimer2017941(Kesimer et al., 2017)94194117Kesimer, MehmetFord, Amina ACeppe, AgatheRadicioni, GiorgiaCao, RuiDavis, C WilliamDoerschuk, Claire MAlexis, Neil EAnderson, Wayne HHenderson, Ashley GAirway mucin concentration as a marker of chronic bronchitisNew England Journal of MedicineNew England Journal of Medicine911-9223771020170028-4793(Kesimer et al., 2017). A balanced and healthy diet along with exercise is very important to maintain health.
M. K‘s Heart Failure Analysis
Pathogenesis
As per symptoms, M. K. has experienced right-sided heart failure because of fluid amassing in the pulmonary blood vessel. The main reasons for such kind of heart failure include damaged heart valves, lung disease, hypertension, congenital heart imperfections, and arrhythmia ADDIN EN.CITE Ziaeian2016942(Ziaeian & Fonarow, 2016)94294217Ziaeian, BobackFonarow, Gregg CEpidemiology and aetiology of heart failureNature Reviews CardiologyNature Reviews Cardiology36813620161759-5010(Ziaeian & Fonarow, 2016). Some factors that contributed to M. K. heart failure are hypertension and lung disease.
Overview of Disease and its Effects in U.S. Population
A strong heart is able to pump the blood throughout the body but in case of a weak heart, the required blood quantity cannot reach the whole body. The heart failure cases have been increas...