Term Paper, Santiago and Tom

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Defining Success in Old Man and the Sea and Uncle Tom’s Cabin
What do people mean when they say that someone is successful? How does one gauge success? It all depends on who you ask. The official definition of success is "the fact of getting or achieving wealth, respect, or fame; the correct or desired result of an attempt" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "-webster.com/dictionary/success", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "3", "7" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Merriam-Webster Dictionary", "given" : "", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Encyclopedia Britannica", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015" ] ] }, "title" : "Success", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=fe5bb129-6544-4312-ae48-cc7da849775a" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Merriam-Webster Dictionary). My parents would probably agree, and would even expound the meaning to include securing a good future for the family, of ensuring that that one has a roof over his head, food on the table, and money in the bank. This is no wonder as survival is always the top priority. Of course, why would anyone wish to go after "life purpose" when he or she is hungry? How can a homeless person think about the deeper meaning of life when he or she is shivering in the cold? But new studies ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tugend", "given" : "Alina", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "New York Times", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013", "6", "14" ] ] }, "title" : "A Call for a Movement to Redefine the Successful Life", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=d5867095-3814-4223-a75a-0c25e8e17155" ] }, { "id" : "ITEM-2", "itemData" : { "URL" : "http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2014/11/gifted-men-and-women-define-success-differently-40-year-study-says/", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "3", "4" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Brasher", "given" : "Joan", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Vanderbuilt University", "id" : "ITEM-2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "title" : "Gifted men and women define success differently, 40-year study says", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=75caae3e-bb9c-4b4c-baf4-2e2ede230e04" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Tugend; Brasher)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Tugend; Brasher)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Tugend; Brasher)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Tugend; Brasher) show the need to create a new meaning for success as more and more Americans are moving towards self-destruction in their search for the "more, bigger and better" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tugend", "given" : "Alina", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "New York Times", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013", "6", "14" ] ] }, "title" : "A Call for a Movement to Redefine the Successful Life", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=d5867095-3814-4223-a75a-0c25e8e17155" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Tugend)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Tugend)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Tugend)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Tugend). As more and more Americans are being diagnosed of stress-related illnesses (heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, etc.), conferences such as The Third Metric: Redefining Success Beyond Money & Power have began to look at "the idea that physical and spiritual wellness — from meditation to exercise to good nutrition — are integral to, not separate from, a successful life" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tugend", "given" : "Alina", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "New York Times", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013", "6", "14" ] ] }, "title" : "A Call for a Movement to Redefine the Successful Life", "type" : "article-newspaper" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=d5867095-3814-4223-a75a-0c25e8e17155" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Tugend)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Tugend)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Tugend)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Tugend). In addition to this, various online discussions show that Americans are also starting to look at success in various ways. For example, Daniel Early talks about success as "not the opposite of failure…[it is] intimately connected with effort, intention, and lack of attachment, which are ways of interpreting success as a journey and not a destination". Meanwhile, Aisha Tyler looks at success as "not the abscence of failure, but the perseverance through failure" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "/conversations/20041/how_do_you_define_success.html", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "3", "3" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Carroll", "given" : "George C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "TED", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "title" : "How do you define success?", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=1be0eed5-891d-4b30-9582-f661ee7742bb" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Carroll)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Carroll)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Carroll)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Carroll). Perhaps this new view of looking at success is best embodied by the Olympic Creed, "The important thing in life is not the triumph, but the fight; the essential thing is not to have won, but to have fought well" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "http://registration.olympic.org/en/faq/detail/id/193", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "3", "6" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "de", "family" : "Couberti", "given" : "Pierre", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "International Olympic Council", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1908" ] ] }, "title" : "Olympic Creed", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=d13ec7f1-532c-4fa0-b1f0-5496d0060f77" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Couberti)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Couberti)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Couberti)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Couberti). Perhaps, it is this kind of success which may be attributed to Santiago (main character in Ernest Hemingway’s Old Man and the Sea) and Tom (main character in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin) – two people who dared to go where no man has been; one, out to the sea and discovered the divinity of every living creature, the other, to forgive and continue to uphold the teachings of a God that is full of love. This paper explores how Santiago and Tom has shown that success can be measured in other things – in the lessons one learns in life, in the love one can bestow to another, in the hope that one can inspire with his fellow.
Through Santiago, Hemingway shows that attainment of material wealth and honor are not the only measures of success, and that sometimes, it is man’s capacity to inspire - to transform his struggles and hardships and inspire others to do the same – that makes a man successful. In Santiago’s journey, Hemingway has effectively differentiated between two kinds of success, "outer, material success and inner, spiritual success" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "/ipsa/2003/hemingway T.O.and T.S.html", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "3", "8" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Momtazi", "given" : "Saeed", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "University of Florida", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015" ] ] }, "title" : "Destroyed but not defeated: Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea : A psychotherapeutic story", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=52d51375-323a-4dfd-bbbd-172610e81200" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Momtazi)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Momtazi)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Momtazi)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Momtazi). It is clear that Santiago did not possess material success – he had neither wealth nor power. From his very physical appearance, "thin and gaunt [man] with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck…his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hemingway", "given" : "Earnest", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1952" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Google Books", "title" : "Old Man and the Sea", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "9-10", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ffb9fb99-402a-40b9-9b91-51c531801bb6" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9\u201310)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9\u201310)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9\u201310)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Hemingway 9–10), to his simple properties, his dainty boat with sails "patched, with flour sacks, and furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hemingway", "given" : "Earnest", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1952" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Google Books", "title" : "Old Man and the Sea", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "12", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ffb9fb99-402a-40b9-9b91-51c531801bb6" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 12)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 12)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 12)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Hemingway 12), any outside observer will say, Santiago is a loser. There is nothing about him that spells success. He even has no family to receive care from. Manolin, a young boy mentored by Santiago serves as the only joy in his life. But Santiago will lose him too when Manolin’s parents forbids the boy because Santiago has "gone eighty- four days now without taking a fish" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hemingway", "given" : "Earnest", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1952" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Google Books", "title" : "Old Man and the Sea", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "9", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ffb9fb99-402a-40b9-9b91-51c531801bb6" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Hemingway 9). And for a fishing village, a fisherman who has not caught a fish is an unlucky fellow, a "salao", and Manolin would do better by working for a luckier ship. And yet, the very demeanor of Santiago suggests that despite his unlucky fate, he has maintained a cheerful and hopeful disposition. Santiago exhibits "faith, confidence, humility, true pride" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hemingway", "given" : "Earnest", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1952" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Google Books", "title" : "Old Man and the Sea", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "9-14", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ffb9fb99-402a-40b9-9b91-51c531801bb6" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9\u201314)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9\u201314)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 9\u201314)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Hemingway 9–14). Santiago may not have wealth, he may not be honored by his community, but he has gained the respect of an inquisitive boy, just by being who he is. Manolin says of Santiago, "There are many good fishermen and some great ones. But there is only one you" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hemingway", "given" : "Earnest", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1952" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Google Books", "title" : "Old Man and the Sea", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "23", "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ffb9fb99-402a-40b9-9b91-51c531801bb6" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 23)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 23)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Hemingway 23)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Hemingway 23). The rest of the village, those who thought success was all about acquiring material wealth did not see what Manolin saw from Santiago, and so, missed the life lessons he was capable of teaching. They did not witness the spirit of manhood and heroism exhibited by Santiago ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "URL" : "/ipsa/2003/hemingway T.O.and T.S.html", "accessed" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015", "3", "8" ] ] }, "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Momtazi", "given" : "Saeed", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "University of Florida", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015" ] ] }, "title" : "Destroyed but not defeated: Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea : A psychotherapeutic story", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=52d51375-323a-4dfd-bbbd-172610e81200" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Momtazi)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Momtazi)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Momtazi)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Momtazi).
Breaking all expectations of his community, Santiago refuses to accept his defeat and decides to go farther out in the sea, farther than any other fisherman in his village has dared before. He shows that divine intervention (or luck as some people call it), is a good thing, but it is unreliable. He proves that by daring to go beyond one’s own limits, one can meet the divine Santiago quips "It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when the luck comes you are ready" ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hemingway", "given" : "Earnest", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1952" ] ] }, "publisher" : "Google Books", "title" : "Old Man and the Sea", "type" : "book" }, "locator" : "2...