Civil rights movement History Term Paper Research Essay

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Issues of civil disorder that were in the form of violent swept American cities and led to the death of several African Americans. In the process, the country lost a tremendous amount of property. The murder of innocent black kids in New York sparkled this violence. The law enforcement officials stopped black demonstrators. At the end of the 1960s, white hostility over the earlier riots rose significantly, causing much bloodshed in the country. The civil disorder brought together antipoverty programs and anticrime programs. This was the foundation for current mass imprisonment. Private homes were subsidized for low-income people, and the Voting Rights Act was implemented. This allowed black Americans in the South to take part in the electoral process. This essay examines the journey of the civil rights movement and the civil disorders that characterized this period, and the transitions made to date.[Hinton, Elizabeth. "“A War within Our Own Boundaries”: Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and the Rise of the Carceral State." The Journal of American History 102, no. 1 (2015): 100-112.]
Programs such as Jobs Corps and Head Start brought African Americans so much hope and liberty. This was the start of a war on criminals and a new era in American law implementation. Training and development opportunities to wage war on poverty were introduced. Johnson’s Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act led to substantial social programs that aimed at combating racial inequality. Such programs solved the socio-economic problems facing the nation. However, antipoverty and anticrime programs did not stop black activists from distrusting the political coalition. These activists felt like the society was not entirely equal and fully democratized as they wished it would be.[Ibid 1)]
Johnson’s presidency brought civil rights legislation and social welfare initiatives. He promoted the politics of law and order, especially as a tactic in elections. Johnson’s programs encouraged the formation of a Carceral state and opened a platform where issues of crime control and incarceration were tackled. The U.S drug war extended the war on crime and led to mass incarceration in the country. While this happened, white middle-class youth were as innocent individuals that needed protection for criminal drug laws. Studies show that systematic disparities led to the incarceration of most young black men than white teens. African Americans and Latinos formed the largest percentage of illegal drug users in the United States. For instance, the majority of drug sellers and consumers are urban and suburban teenagers, particularly in black residents.[Hinton, Elizabeth. "“A War within Our Own Boundaries”: Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and the Rise of the Carceral State." The Journal of American History 102, no. 1 (2015): 100-112.] [Lassiter, Matthew D. "Impossible criminals: the suburban imperatives of America's war on drugs." Journal of American History 102, no. 1 (2015): 126-140.]
African-Americans constitute most of those who get incarcerated for going against criminal drug laws. This disparity between the white middle class and black Americans with low socio-economic status contributes to the growth of the Carceral State. Study showed that half of the African American children could not swim while those that drown are three times as much. This leads to the issue of race and swimming. Even after years of racial tensions, the U.S has not managed to resolve the problem of racial disparities. Jeff Wiltse, in his book ‘Contested Waters,’ wrote about the swimming pool history. He mentions that in the late 19th century and the start of the 20th century, city pools were not built in African American neighborhoods. However, in the 20s and 30s, pools were segregated and had several differences.[Rachel Martin. “Racial History of American Swimming Pools.” The Bryant Park Project. Retrieved from /templates/story/story.php?storyId=90213675?storyId=90213675]
Most cities in the Northern United States constructed pools, mostly in the white neighborhoods, and avoided building them in black American neighborho...