The Impact of Future Transportation and Traditional Transportation on Society

The Impact of Future Transportation and Traditional Transportation on Society
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Due Date Table of Contents 1. Introduction. 3 2. Background. 4 2.1 The impact of traditional and future public transportation systems on society. 4 2.1.1 The Form of Future Transportation. 6 2.1.2 Structure of Traditional Transportation Systems. 6 2.2 Literature Review.. 7 2.2.1 Automated Vehicles. 7 2.2.2 Traditional Transport Systems. 8 3. Methods. 8 3.1 The Future Bus System.. 8 3.1.1 Self-driving Car 9 3.1.2 Ridesharing services. 10 3.2 Traditional Transit Systems. 10 3.2.1 Bus Transit 10 3.2.2 Fuel Cars. 11 4. Results. 11 4.1 Self-driving Car Impacts. 11 4.1.1 Future Traffic. 11 4.1.2 Impact on Employment and Driving Experience. 12 4.1.3 Privacy and Security. 12 4.2 Impact of Traditional Transport Systems. 13 4.2.1 Environmental Pollution. 13 4.2.2 Inefficiency and Discomfort 13 5. Analysis and Discussion. 13 6. Conclusions. 14 7. Recommendations. 14 References. 15 The Impact of Future Transportation and Traditional Transportation on Society 1. Introduction Individuals and cultures rely on transportation networks for survival, especially in contemporary societies where the movement of people, products, and production methods is critical for meeting our basic economic and social requirements. Transport development will have a distinct influence on humanity in the future. The building of modern transportation systems depends on conventional bus rides, railways, airplanes, and private vehicles, which have a significant ecological effect, such as continuous carbon emissions. Transport systems in the future, on the other hand, will be built on environmental conservation and advanced technology, such as autonomous cars, flying vehicles, and carpooling services. These new modes of mobility are significant for the environment and sustainability, but they negatively impact society, such as high unemployment levels. Thus, it is imperative to delve into a discourse on how future transportation systems will affect the community and determine efficient ways of controlling the challenges involved. 2. Background 2.1 The impact of traditional and future public transportation systems on society Trends reveal that traditional public transit systems also have a beneficial impact on people’s lives. Public transportation systems such as roads and railways link metropolitan areas, influence human activities, and integrate societal, economic, and ecological processes with urbanization and population increase (Amin & Vyas, 2016). Furthermore, through linkages in urban, rural, and developing areas, the transportation network aid in socio-economic growth and improved quality of life. Adverse effects of conventional transport systems incorporate social and environmental implications. Transportation is a significant cause of air pollution, mainly through high levels of carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Amin and Vyas (2016) indicate that automobiles and aircraft contribute to large volumes of carbon dioxide. Environmentalists have found that the rapid growth of cars on roads has risen with little or no regulation and is quickly escalating into an ecological disaster. Noise pollution is another adverse effect of transportation systems. Estimates indicate that about 130 million individuals in OECD nations remain regularly exposed to noise levels above 65 decibels due to transportation (Wang et al., 2018). The supply of land-mode transportation necessitates the use of land directly. Large portions of land are required, dividing vast areas into segments and causing deforestation. Constructors replace forestry, agricultural production, residential houses, and natural reserves as land is used for transport infrastructure. The high fatalities caused by road accidents or airplane crashes deem traditional systems unsafe from a social perspective. Future transportation, which entails autonomous vehicles, electric cars on roads, and flying automobiles, promises positive changes in society. Future transport systems such as AVs offer convenience and flexibility since users can engage in other activities while still on transit. Moreover, autonomous and electric vehicles are never prone to common human faults, resulting in fewer accidents due to ADS. Experts anticipate that autonomous cars will save nearly one million lives annually (Bissell et al., 2018). Due to decreased congestion and traffic, these vehicles will demand lower travel costs for owners, allowing users to save significant yearly earnings compared to gasoline-powered cars. This change will also lead to economic growth and development. Despite their benefits, future transport systems risk inducing issues such as security and confidentiality, leading to users a rise of cyber security hackers’ threats. Trends indicate that their systems remain highly digitized and vulnerable to hacking. As a result, this concern may expose drivers to unprecedented interruptions beyond their control. Moreover, future transport systems may lead to high unemployment levels as more technologies replace human labor. This risk may cause friction in the human labor environment as future technologies threaten human-based tasks and roles. As a result, many individuals relying on this sector for sustenance may experience sudden economic shocks from the disruption. 2.1.1 The Form of Future Transportation The structure of future transportation relies on the increased adoption of advanced technologies and automation. The advancement of collective information and communication technologies (ICT) in transportation increases mobility’s speeds, efficacy, security, and dependability. These technologies attempt to automate drivers in automobiles and terminals, such as subways, airports, train stations, and distribution facilities (Hancock et al., 2020). The systems include enhancing current modes with increased levels of automated systems and developing new processes and freight procedures, such as autonomous cars, buses, and aircraft. Automation will continue to be the primary factor in transportation and associated industries, potentially affecting human employment. In the future, ride-sharing services in the taxi industry will be an enhanced mode of transportation. A new wave of taxi services known as on-demand ride-sharing is emerging and will continuously grow in subsequent years and transform the transportation scene (Grahn et al., 2020). The services will solve some of society’s transportation-related issues, such as congestion. Transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft link consumers requiring a ride with self-employed drivers who often provide rides in their private automobiles using an algorithm to pickup and drop-off localized systems (Khavarina-Garmsir et al., 2021). TNCs have spread into additional cities and are currently among the wealthiest and most valued global firms and will continue to grow in the future. 2.1.2 Structure of Traditional Transportation Systems Conventional transport depends on manual-based and human-controlled systems that rely on carbon fuel for their modalities to operate efficiently. Rodrigue (2020) reveals that fuel-based buses, subway trains, aircraft, and private cars are the main traditional conveyances of traditional transport. Transport infrastructure refers to the physical assets that support transportation, such as train tracks, roads, canals, and terminals such as subways and airports (Rodrigue, 2020). Superstructures such as entry terminals and control centers remain part of the infrastructures. This aspect affirms that the transport network is a collection of interconnected places representing the functionality-based and geographical transportation structure. As a result, this system displays where areas are linked and how they are supported. Some network sites are more connected than others, showing the variations in population. Flows are part of the transport structure that entail mobility of persons, freight, and data within the installed networks. Rodrigue (2020) states that they encompass origin, intermediate places, and journey destinations. An interim site is frequently necessary when traveling from one point to another. Hence, for example, a passenger must move to an airport to access air transport services to desired destinations. 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Automated Vehicles Autonomous vehicles (AVs) can considerably influence society by delivering driverless mobility in the future. This new technology will affect people who can and cannot drive due to physical challenges (Martinez-Diaz & Soriguera, 2018). Moreover, AVs can assist lower- and middle-income-class people access mobility by lowering transportation expenses. According to some experts, this mode of transportation will become about 40% less expensive than now, implying that it will become less expensive (Klaver, 2020). Experts emphasize that AVs can radically cut travel time by eliminating traffic bottlenecks. Therefore, these new technologies have a significant likelihood of transforming societies. Above all, there are adverse effects of autonomous cars linked to the levels of cyber-attacks involved in risking the security of customer data and safety in case of manipulated movements that cause accidents (Klaver, 2020). The other impact is the loss of jobs that critics think AV companies are not considering since labor relations and job security policies still exist. 2.2.2 Traditional Transport Systems Bus transit, low-rail transit, Mass Rail Transit, metropolitan taxis, and fuel-based cars are the most often used traditional transport systems in numerous urban areas. There are downsides to these systems compared to intelligent modes. For instance, passengers must wait at terminals for lengthy periods, journey time is considerably longer, and energy usage is significant due to carbon-based fuels (Stromberg, 2015). Furthermore, the land demand is considerable since the infrastructure must be broad enough for the cars, and trains remain frequently congested, inconvenient for passengers, particularly the elderly and disabled, during peak hours (Moradi et al., 2014). Passengers have restricted access due to the linear design of roads, rails, and canals, attributable to the vast scale of modular network systems. The transit systems cause air, noise, and water pollution. 3. Methods A systematic review of literature on traditional and future autonomous systems will be the methodology used 3.1 The Future Bus System The intelligent mode of transport in the future will rely on advanced technologies where people will use self-driving vehicles and buses in global and metropolitan cities. The system will also entail ride-sharing services due to congestion modes. 3.1.1 Self-driving Car The study will analyze the self-driving cars’ social, environmental, and technical impacts through their various technology components. The self-driving vehicles entail multiple features that enable their operations and impact social and ecological ecosystems. The self-driving automobiles incorporate autonomous control, engineering, AI, computer-directed vision and lasers, and environmental perceptions (Zhao et al., 2018). Manufacturers incorporate innovative car-oriented computer technology, pattern analysis, and intelligent control modules into the products. Zhao et al. (2018) indicate that the geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) in the automobile navigation systems identify location data from global satellites based on longitudinal and latitude-based information. The self-driving movement depends on intelligent path direction algorithms and map-alignment models to ensure cars and buses stay on required road lanes. T...