Moral Theory of Ethics

Ethics Exam
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Ethics Exam
Question 1
In the moral Theory of ethics of care, it is proposed that there is moral significance in the essential elements of relationships and dependencies the human life. In this regard, it can be perceived that the Theory aims to produce and maintain relationships that focus and promote the wellbeing of both the givers and beneficiaries of care through social relationships. The Theory is mostly understood as a way where virtue is practiced. This is because giving care entails handling and meeting our needs as well as those of others. Those who are dependent and cannot support themselves are usually supported through this Theory.
One of the essential perspectives about the Theory is that caring is something that is learned. People receive care from others when they are young or vulnerable. As a result, they replicate this same care when they meet others and ensure that they offer them similar care as they received while they were young. When we center on the sentimentalist approach to morality, we can deduce that the ethics of care highlight how important caring motivation is in the process of answering moral issues (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, n.d.).
Another important aspect that we see is the importance of emotions and the body when deliberating moral issues. When faced with an ethical or moral dilemma, the Theory provides answers by prioritizing relationships. Whenever there are questions that must be answered, the first thing that must be considered is the relationship with one's spouse/family member and ensuring that they get priority over strangers. Care is also perceived as a moral relationship. However, based on arguments from various proponents, all the moral questions must be based on ethical behaviors, although there are certain situations where this is an exception (D'Olimpio, 2019).
Libertarianism is a perspective that is basically centered on non-aggression. This implies that the need to act aggressively against other people is never allowed unless the actions are done as a response to aggression from another person (Iyer, Koleva, Graham, Ditto, & Haidt, 2012). In this way, libertarian ethics mandate every person to live as they like and compatibly with the same right for every person in society. When observed closely, we can see that libertarians have a somewhat consistent moral philosophy compared to the ethics of care. In this regard, in a libertarian society, people would only protest and complain about the state whenever there is inequality or outright violations of the law. One thing we will see in a liberation society is that power belongs to the people. People can determine how they need to be led. This is an ideal moral theory for democratic societies. Whenever there is something that is prohibited, their application of force is allowed because the people who act or do the thing that is prohibited are against the will of the majority and must be countered (Lebar, 2017).
On the other hand, ethics of care can produce a society that is centered on class with a disregard of other people. Based on the propositions of the ethics of care, people have to prioritize relationships. The people who are close to those who are privileged will benefit more compared to those who are not in power. This creates a discriminative society that disregards the plight of the people. The kind of policies you will find in a society based on ethics of care will be favoring more those who are in power and suppressing others (Currie-Knight, 2013).
Therefore, there are many differences in the policy approaches between a libertarian society compared to a society based on the ethics of care. In a libertarian society, the policies will be more democratic since the focus is on equality and the common good. On the other hand, ethics of care is biased because it allows people to prioritize people they have a close relationship with. Therefore, an autocratic approach to leadership will be defined, and high levels of inequalities in terms of income and access to public amenities.
Question 2
Utilitarianism and ethics of care have numerous similarities. Utilitarianism arises from contemporary enlightenment, whereas the ethics of care is based on post-modernism or feminist id...