Psychology-Psychological Disorders

Psychology-Psychological Disorders
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Psychology-Psychological Disorders
Psychological disorders are mind abnormalities that come from progressive behavior patterns that can affect one’s daily functions. Several psychological disorders have been highlighted and classified, including personality disorders, such as anti-social personality disorder, eating disorders such as Nervosa and anorexia, and mood disorders such as depression (Maddux et al., 2016). Several disorders can exist in one person. Distinct causes of psychological disorders are unknown, but stimulants include; childhood experiences, chemical imbalances of the mind, illnesses, heredity, and prenatal exposures. Some disorders are more prevalent in men, such as depression and borderline personality disorder, while others are more common in men, such as substance abuse and explosive disorder. There other disorders that affect both genders equally, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This essay will expound on the content of the book Psychopathology: Foundations of a Contemporary Understanding. It will help explain the psychology, counseling psychology, and related fields.
If individuals experience behavior issues or cognitive and mood problems, they need to pursue a psychological evaluation to identify the psychological disorders. A disorder diagnosis, an appropriate treatment that involves psychotherapy is followed. It helps to develop skills or work on behaviors and thought processes. An individual can also be hospitalized in extreme conditions such as coexisting medical conditions, severe disorders, substance abuse, and critical complications. Medications are essential in dealing with psychological disorders. People with diseases can be treated and improve or recover if treated. On other occasions, a relapse may occur. If a psychological condition is left untreated, it may cause legal, social, academic, and work problems. Other potential complications can be a drug overdose, violent behavior, suicide, or alcohol poisoning.
The symptoms of psychological disorders ranging from specific conditions. Despite their diverse range, behavioral symptoms and mood are common (Maddux et al., 2016). Symptoms may be persistent or relapsing. Symptoms affect a person’s ability to link with society. Certain psychological disorders display physical signs.
An example is an anxiety disorder that causes panic attacks and may feel like a heart attack. Some diseases have symptoms of achiness or pain that suggest a medical solution. These disorders are somatoform but cannot establish a medical solution. Psychological disorders have various symptoms, which include; aggression, alteration in energy levels, anxiety, irritability: disconnectedness, hallucinations, social withdrawal, and mood variations. Physical symptoms may accompany psychological disorders such as lethargy, sleep disturbances, weight and appetite variations, and in-explainable physical issues. There are occasions where symptoms may be life-threatening, such as when one cannot care for their own needs, trauma such as burns, bone deformity, or posing a danger to oneself and others, such as suicidal behavior.
Mood Disorder
A Mood disorder is a class of mental health that describes all types of bipolar disorder and depression. Depression is where one feels empty, sad, or hopeless. There are three depressive disorders in DSM 5: pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder, disruptive mood, persistent depressive disorder, and dysregulation disorder. According to Maddux et al. (2016), the pre-menstrual condition is based on certain specific symptoms present before the onset of menstrual periods. Their symptoms are irritability or anger, depressed mood, affective lability, or hopelessness. The persistent depressive disorder defies a two or more-year period of continuous depression. The primary depressive disorder diagnosis criteria propose that symptoms of depression while in grief or a crucial loss qualifies for major depression. It affects civil forensic psychiatric evaluations.
There are several bipolar disorders which are; bipolar 1, bipolar II, chlomthlic disorder, and bipolar disorder caused by drugs, medication, and medical conditions. The bipolar one disorder criteria are that an individual with mania shows an irritable or joyful mood with various activities. Bipolar II disorder requires at least one episode of present or past or major depression and at least one episode of present or past hypomania episode, with no mania record. The cyclothymic disorder needs a two-year record of a part of hypomania and major depression. The conditions involve a range of elevated moods and a wave of depression. These ranging moods are classified as either mania or hypomania. Mania periods are characterized by irritability, elevated with of patterns increased activity and energy. Maniac people can often engage in activities that may have negative permanent consequences, such as shopping sprees or gambling.
Mood disorders are diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM 5 has separated sections for depressive and bipolar disorders. The bipolar disorders section is put between depressive and psychotic disorders. These diagnostic classes range from a family, history, and genetics perspective. The DSM-5 states that persons with an unclear mood disorder pattern should be categorized as either unspecified depressive disorder or unspecified bipolar disorder (Maddux et al., 2016). It also includes new and more detailed decretive specifiers for depressive and bipolar disorder. These specifiers are to be used to define the course of an individual's condition. The specifiers should not impact the frequency of the primary diagnosis but may have an inference for suicide. The specifiers are used in unique occasions such as civil commitment, sentencing, and child custody.
The DSM is divided into three sections; descriptions, diagnostic classification, and diagnostic criteria set (Maddux et al., 2016). Diagnostic type is for billing and diagnostic purposes by health professionals. The diagnostic category focuses on how to identify how the patient’s symptoms align with the criteria set. It guides clinicians on how to proceed with the treatments. The criteria set gives clinicians a further description and detail of each disorder. The DSM helps health professions determine, examine and treat the appropriate diagnoses.
It describes disorders using five DSM axes which inculcate all factors in the evaluation. These factors are environmental, biological, and psychological. It included the five disorders; personality disorder, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar and anxiety disorders. These conditions have a long history of research and have the backing of numerous empirical data on their symptoms, treatment, and prevalence, hence it the most credible form of diagnosis. Only persons with mental health professional skills can and skillset are qualified to diagnose and treat mental health. The disorder specifiers further help in the diagnostic process. The DSM may not encompass every condition, but it is efficient in diagnosing and controlling mental disorders.
Mood disorders happen in episodes. They could be severe and last for a long time. They could lead to a major depressive episode that affects motivation, thinking, mood, and motor functioning. Maddux et al. ...