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Topic:

Arguments

Term Paper Instructions:
Three important sub-disciplines of philosophy are addressed in this course: ethics, epistemology, and religion. For this paper, you will develop an argument that includes your own view on one specific topic relating to one of these sub-disciplines. Below is a list of topics from which you must choose. Feel free to combine topics that seem to fit with one another. It is recommended that you choose a topic that interests you or that you have thought about previously. In philosophical papers, it is always best to present both sides of the issue (remember that there are usually more than two sides to any issue), and then to present the side that you find the most convincing. Remember to back up your position with logical reasoning and factual evidence. In addition, be sure to utilize the philosophical content and ideas that you have encountered in this course. Identify the specific issue. Make clear one basic dispute over this issue. Clarify the arguments on multiple sides of the issue. Structure an argument that supports the side of the issue you find to be better defended. Explain why you find that side of the debate superior. State your own view, and defend it with an argument. Provide at least two references for each side of the debate. Utilize the philosophical theories and ideas that you have encountered in this course as much as possible. In order to write a strong paper, you will need to clearly and specifically present both sides of the debate using at least five academic sources in addition to the course text, three of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library. Select a topic from the following sub-disciplines: Ethics What is the most convincing ethical system? Why? Is it necessary to have universal ethical principles? What are the fundamental principles of ethics? What is the good life and how does one achieve it? Is ethics natural or learned behavior? What is an ethically bad life? How do we know? How do humans differentiate between good and bad in the realm of ethics? Do ethical actions have value apart from the outcomes of those actions? Are humans free or determined, and how does this perspective relate to human responsibility? Epistemology What can humans know for certain and how can they justify that they actually know what they think they know? What are the limits of human perception and cognition? What is the relationship between scientific knowledge and other types of knowledge? What are the limits of skepticism? What are the differences between the mind and the brain? Is radical relativism defensible? What is the best epistemological argument and explanation of how humans perceive their worlds? How did human consciousness emerge and where is it headed? Religion Is proof for the existence of God necessary? Which argument for the existence of God is strongest? Why? What are the foundations of the universe and from where did the universe emerge? Can one be moral and not believe in God? Can God and real evil be reconciled? Are science and religion in conflict? Can God's omniscience and human free will be reconciled? Is there a rational argument for atheism? The paper must be six to eight pages in length, formatted according to APA style, and include a title and a reference page (which does not count towards the page length). Support your point with examples from the text and at least five sources, three of which can be found in the Ashford Online Library. For information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar. Writing the Final Argumentative Paper The Final Paper: Must be six to eight double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Must include a title page with the following: Title of paper Student's name Course name and number Instructor's name Date submitted Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis. Must use at least five scholarly sources, including a minimum of three from the Ashford Online Library. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. course book to refrence: Mosser, K. (2010). Philosophy: a concise introduction. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education.
Term Paper Sample Content Preview:
Religion Student’s name: Course name and number: Instructor’s name: Date submitted: Thesis statement It is not clear how old exactly religion is, but it has had tidal effects throughout the world and over the time that man has been in existence (Nye, 2008). Today, there are thousands of religions with billions of followers, all with compartmentalized believes and practices. Most of these beliefs are supernatural and a good majority involves the idea of a supreme being that created the universe in its entirety (Mosser, 2010). A fraction of the world population, mostly scholars have maintained that there is no God or at least evidence of any supernatural being that controls the universe. These two groups have been at each others’ thoughts due to their differences in beliefs. Regardless of the group, they all make their life choices based on the beliefs that either holds to be true and reasonable in their opinion (Mosser, 2010). As human beings we have the ability to agree with one concept and disagree with another based on evidence that we have, or the lack of it. This would explain why we have so many religions today, as well atheists who believe there is no God but feel strongly obliged to the idea of evil spirits. Introduction For several thousand years now, the debate of God’s existence has been around and it is not going to end soon. Religion is formed, of various beliefs and they can be as diverse as there are different religions today. There are several groups of people today all with different ideologies about the Supreme being’s existence, with some not sure what to believe, others are convinced that He exists, while the atheists feel it is not possible that there is God (Mosser, 2010). Considering that majority of world religions are based on faith, the debate about God’s existence is not necessary. If people have faith, it means they believe in the things they cannot see. As such regardless of the existence, if one does not have faith, then proving that God exists will not have impact (HYPERLINK "/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Michael+Martin%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=9"Martin, 1992). The question of whether man was created or evolved from the primate lineage is one of the strongest arguments that God exists. According the evolution theory, man evolved from the ape family through time to become the intelligent being he is today. Creation on the other hand tells of a supreme God who created man in His own image and all that is found in nature. This theory presents some very intriguing concepts that are hard to refute. Looking at man today, it is really hard to believe that he was once an ape, considering their level of intelligence (Nye, 2008). Though man and apes do have some resemblance, it still does not explain man’s perfection, in relation to the evolutions idea. Earth presents a level of perfection that gives this argument more stings. Of all the other planets, earth is the only one that has the right conditions that support life. It has an atmosphere that includes oxygen, placed at the right distance from the sun and the moon. The harmony that exists between the planets and all the elements in nature presents a very strong case that God exists. The evolution theory, explains that all that is found in nature was as result of an explosion with the right mixture of light and energy, referred to as the big bang theory (Mosser, 2010). The universe, space, time all started to exist on that one fateful explosion that took place millions of years ago. Although the creation theory has gaps, the evolution theory is really lacking in a lot of areas. There are a lot of transitional links between different life forms that exists today, which evolution claims came from a single ancestor. If indeed there was evolution in the past, the element of continuity is lacking today, as there is no evidence that will be evolving into other higher forms of themselves any time soon. The explosion theory suggests that the evolutionally tree experienced slow growth of the body structures, but the Cambrian explosion on the other hand suggests that there was quick formation of the body structures, however, most of these are now extinct. According to the theory, the mutations that take place within the population, is random and it takes place to improve the organisms in question towards the changes in their environment (Mosser, 2010). However, over time scientific experiments that have been carried out on mutations, suggest otherwise. Mutations that have been experienced in the years of research do not bear new useful organs. In most of the cases the organs that are developed from mutation, are either neutral or non functional, unlike the theory suggests. The creation theory is more fitting, as more or less provides a solid explanation of the organisms that are in the world today and the differences between. It also provides a better understanding of why all the elements of nature work together in harmony and their existence as well. According to theorists, there are a number of foundations of the universe as to why and how it exists. It is believed that all things are supported by a medium, providing the foundation for the physical universe as we know it. This medium substance is responsible for the transmission of all the energy through space, such as the electromagnetic waves and light among others. The medium presents nonzero energy levels density and pressure. Other than the ability to provide transmission, the universe is believed to exist within it (HYPERLINK "/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Michael+Martin%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=9"Martin, 1992). According to the gravitational mechanisms that exists within the medium and between objects is subject to the masses of the objects and the pressure gradients that exist between the bodies. The discussion of the where the universe originated has been for a long time, and it has eli...
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