BHS 220 Introduction to Probability Theory and Heath Statistics
BHS220 module 4 SLP Module 4 - SLP INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING For the fourth component of the Session Long Project, write a 2- to 3-page essay in which you continue to collect data for five days. Continue to discuss the spread of the data that you’ve been collecting by computing the standard deviation of measurements that you’ve taken so far. Show your work. Be sure to dicuss the concept of standard deviation in response. SLP Assignment Expectations Use the information in the modular background readings as well as resources you find through ProQuest or other online sources. Please be sure to cite all sources and provide a reference list at the end of the paper. Submit the paper as a Word document through the link provided for the assignment. BHS220 Module 4 - Background INTRODUCTION TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING Background Reading Required Reading Michelson, S. & Schofield, T. (2002). Chapter 2: Inference (pages 45-53). In: The Biostatistics Cookbook: The Most User-Friendly Guide for the Bio/Medical Scientist. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Available in Ebrary, accessed via Trident’s online library. Additional Reading (Optional) Davis, R. and Mukamal, K. (2006). Statistical Primer for Cardiovascular Research: Hypothesis testing. Retrieved from http://circ(dot)ahajournals(dot)org/content/114/10/1078.full McDonald, JH (2009). Basic concepts of hypothesis testing. Retrieved from http://udel(dot)edu/~mcdonald/stathyptesting.html Johnson, L. (2008). Principles of Hypothesis Testing for Public Health. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Retrieved from www(dot)nihtraining(dot)com/cc/ippcr/current/downloads/HypoTest.pdf Additional Resources (Optional) Creative Heuristics (2011, Dec.). Hypothesis tests, p-value - Statistics Help. Retrieved from http://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=0zZYBALbZgg Creative Heuristics (2011, Oct. ) Understanding the p-value - Statistics Help. Retrieved from http://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=eyknGvncKLw Stenson, E. (2012, Apr.) Basic statistics tutorial 45 Hypothesis testing (one-sided), sample and population mean (z). Retrieved from http://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=IKxyXs6kRTo
BHS 220 Introduction to Probability Theory and Heath Statistics
Module 4 - SLP Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
Introduction to Probability Theory and Heath Statistics
Professor:
September 12, 2014
The concept of hypothesis testing focuses on evaluating the probability of getting observed results through the P-value (Davis & Mukamal, 2006). The measures of spread are potentially useful in estimation and prediction. Nonetheless, the measures typically indicate how observations are spread out and scattered. As the number of observations increases, the data is likely to have a normal distribution, but it can also be skewed to the right or left. The standard deviation and the range are the most common measures of variability. The spread of the observation also changes with an increase in the umber of observation. Similarly, one is unlikely to get the same data observations, but the data distribution for different observations is similar, as the samples represent the population characteristics
DayExercise timedeviation Square deviation 112-4.419.36213-3.411.56315-1.41.964170.60.365181.62.566203.612.96715-1.41.968170.60.36916-0.40.1610170.60.3611181.62.5612170.60.361314-2.45.7614192.66.7615181.62.56Total246069.6Mean16.4Variance4.97S.D 2.23skew-0.494
Like the data set from the previous session, the range is the simple measure of variability taking into account the difference between the lowest and the highest value. Hence, the value is still 8 being the difference between 20 and 12, as for the five subsequent days, the highest exercise time was 19 minutes. This shows that the spread has changed minimally, but the measure is still inadequate to capture the new data set. The interquartile range is related to the range, and takes into account the difference between the upper and lower quartile. The median of the ranges between the two quartiles is the value of the interquartile range, showing that the measures of central tendency are also helpful in estimation.
As a measure of variability from the mean, the standard deviation is an important measure in understanding whether the data distribution is skewed. On the other hand, hypothesis testing helps to establish whether there is a relationship in the collected data (McDonald, 2009). Additionally, one can draw conclusions from the data collected where there is s standard reference. Hence, hypothesis testing helps in establishing the strength of evidence presented in a sample and its relation to the population. By evaluating the collected data it is possible to evaluate whether the data supports the hypothesis. In other words, hypothesis testing establishes whether data collected is reliable, and whether there have errors in evaluating the data, or formulating the hypotheses.
The mean of the sample is useful for hypothesis testing as well as comparing results of the total samples for the ten days, and for the five days. In such a scenario, the null hypothesis would be that there is no difference in the mean for the t...