Are Nursing Interventions Effective for Preoperative Anxiety in Adults?

ARE NURSING INTERVENTIONS EFFECTIVE FOR PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY IN ADULTS?
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Introduction:
Preoperative anxiety is a common phenomenon among adults who are scheduled to undergo surgical procedures. This anxiety is often associated with negative psychological and physiological outcomes that can result in poor surgical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Therefore, it is important to rely on Evidence Based-Practice (EBP) to find the best strategies to address preoperative anxiety and improve patient outcomes. Nursing interventions have been developed and implemented to address this issue, but the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults, which will aid in the development of evidence-based interventions for adults. This proposed literature review will provide an updated and critical analysis of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults.
This research will rely on a secondary research process aiming to critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence regarding nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults. The findings will help to establish the effectiveness of nursing interventions and identify gaps in the current body of literature to guide future research in the area. A systematic review will be used to identify, select, and critically appraise the relevant studies. The thematic analysis approach will help to synthesize the findings from the included studies and determine the overall effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults. This review will contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable information for nurses and healthcare providers who aim to reduce preoperative anxiety in adults.
Methodology:
This section details how the research will be conducted. It will detail all the necessary steps involved in the search strategy to the ethical consideration involved in this research. Firstly, secondary research was chosen because it is cost-effective and time efficient way to gather and synthesize information on any research topic. The findings are reflective on the existing literature and if proper research steps are followed, they are relevant, accurate and timely. Secondly, secondary research methodology provides a broader perspective on the topic by including a larger sample size and a wider range of research designs and settings than would not be possible in a primary study CITATION Owe21 \l 1033 (Owens, 2021) CITATION Smi11 \l 1033 (Smith, Devane, Begley, & Clarke, 2011). Finally, a secondary review can identify gaps in the literature, which can inform the design of future primary research.
Design
This research study will use a systematic review. Systematic reviews are particularly useful for assessing the effectiveness of healthcare interventions because they provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence CITATION Jul19 \l 1033 (Higgins, et al., 2019). Systematic review will provide a scientific framework to identify, critically appraise and synthesize articles relevant to the research question. This is because it provides a rigorous and transparent approach to identifying, evaluating and synthesizing research evidence. This methodology is appropriate because it allows for the integration and synthesis of qualitative research studies that address the research question CITATION Gop13 \l 1033 (Gopalakrishnan & Ganeshkumar, 2013). There are already studies that have been carried out aiming to find the most effective preoperative interventions for adults. The aim of this study is to rigorously synthesize these studies to identify the patterns and themes and consolidate into one study. Synthesizing these findings together will highlight the most effective interventions and help identify gaps in knowledge. Thus, a systematic review will provide insight into the mechanisms of action underlying effective interventions, and the factors that influence their effectiveness.
Search Strategy
The literature search will be done in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PubMed and ProQuest. The search terms will be "preoperative anxiety," "nursing interventions," "adults,". The search terms were selected based on their relevance to the research question and their ability to capture a broad range of relevant studies. Boolean operators will be used to combine the search terms and refine the search results. The search phrase from those key search terms will be preoperative anxiety AND preoperative anxiety AND adults. The same search phrase will be used across all databases. The search will be conducted in May 2023.
Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Sources must be published between 2010 and 2023.

Sources earlier than 2010

Adults (18 years or older) undergoing surgery who experience preoperative anxiety.

Studies including samples or subjects less that 18 yrs

All sources must be published in peer-reviewed journals

Sources that have not been peer reviewed or adapted from dailies, books, textbooks etc.

All sources must be published in English or with English translations available

Studies published in languages other than English without English translations available.

Critical Appraisal Strategy
This study will use Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool reference to assess the quality of the selected studies. This process helps to evaluate the quality and relevance of research studies. This process also helps in determining the trustworthiness and credibility of the selected studies to assess the strength of the evidence they provide CITATION Lon20 \l 1033 (Long, French, & Brooks, 2020). This is an essential step in the research process, as it helps researchers to identify the strengths and limitations of individual studies, and to determine their overall contribution to the body of knowledge on a particular topic. CASP helps ensure that only high-quality studies are included in the review and excludes any studies that do not meet is quality criteria.
Some questions to guide this process include:
1 Was the study design appropriate for the research question?
2 Was the sample size sufficient to achieve statistically significant results?
3 Were the data collection methods appropriate and reliable?
4 Was the data analysis appropriate and reliable?
5 Did the authors discuss any limitations of the study?
Data Extraction
To extract the data from each study, a data collection form will be created with different fields to be filled for each study. The Unique ID of each study, Title of the study, author(s), year of publication, study design, sample (control and intervention groups), interventions, main results and recommendations. I will enlist two of my classmates to help me ensure objectivity in thi...