Research and Reflection Paper on Global Governance

Running Head: Global Governance
Research and Reflection Paper on Global Governance
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Research and Reflection Paper on Global Governance
Introduction
In the 21st century, Global governance has turned out to be the central argument of world politics. The policy advocates consider it as the universal solution to the detrimental impacts of globalization. Along these lines, global environmental governance corresponds to the amalgamation of the financing mechanisms, policy instruments, organizations, rules, processes as well as procedures that ensure environmental pollution across the globe. During the era of the 1970s, global environment issues became an integral part of the international agenda. This was because of the dramatic changes in the environment that have altered the parameters supporting the existence of life. For paradigm, the climate changes have led to the extinction of several species. Various researchers argued that the actions of humans place an impact on the planetary ecosystems which are now escalating in terms of depleting natural planetary capital, magnitude and scale. Over the past 50 years, the global population has nearly doubled while the economy has augmented significantly. In contrast, a significant division of the ecosystems services provided to humans by nature is now degraded. The adverse effects are evident across air, water, and land; thereby impacting the ability of the Earth to sustain its biological diversity. This particular paper discusses the association between globalization and environment governance and the challenges associated with global environmental governance. The paper will exclusively emphasize on the significance of reforming the global environmental governance.[Jasanoff, Sheila, Marybeth Long Martello, and Peter M. Haas, eds. Earthly politics: local and global in environmental governance. MIT press, 2004]
Discussion
The Architecture of Global Environmental Governance
In recent times, there has been a significant rise in the global institutions concerned with environmental management because of the increasing saliency of the ecology issues. Some environmental analysts argue that the environmental issues persist and can be tackled at nation state level. Nevertheless, issues such as global warming, rising sea levels as well as pollution have no boundaries. In the view point of Steven, no state can control the atmosphere and the prevailing challenges. Correspondingly, the actions initiated by one state effect the climate of other locations also. Hence, the States, by merely controlling their own behavior, cannot preserve their populace from global environmental issues. The environmental issues have to need to be dealt at global levels. Obviously, the unilateral efforts by the nations that aim to eradicate the environmental issues cannot be dismissed. In fact, the efforts at the state level can be valuable for greater global governance for the global environmental challenge. According to Betsill et al, the present framework for the international environmental regime is weak and acquires the limited capacity to address the modern environmental issues adequately. In contrast to other global governance regimes such as health or trade, global governance in relation to environment lack a central authority or institution.[Choucri, Nazli. The business of global environmental governance. MIT press, 2005.] [Bernstein, Steven. "Legitimacy in global environmental governance." J. Int'l L & Int'l Rel. 1 (2004): 139.] [. Betsill, Michele M., and Harriet Bulkeley. "Transnational networks and global environmental governance: The cities for a climate protection program." International studies quarterly 48, no. 2 (2004): 471-493.]
Globalization and Environmental Governance
The rapid fluctuations in the environment and the resulting climatic challenges reflect the danger at the globe. Globalization, which is frequently referred to as the growing interdependence of the cultures, has elevated the scope and scale of the risks. The past supposition that the actions initiated in one region of the world will only influence that part of the world is no longer valid. Nevertheless, the global dynamics ascertain that the benefits, as well as the costs of the initiated efforts, can ensue to the different populace at distinctive locations. As per the stand point of Peter, globalization has created extraordinary benefits while it has also given rise to vulnerability. Environmental issues have occupied a certain place in interstate relations for a long time, but the appearance of the environmental aspect in international relations as an independent subject dates back to the mid-20th century. The United Nations, which today represents the world forum for the organization of international activities in the field of environmental protection, has become necessary support for the development of the global greening process. The widespread development of greening the entire complex of international relations was at the end of the twentieth century. It was during this period that the work “Our Common Future” was published, where the main provisions of the Sustainable Development Concept (CSD) were first formulated. The emergence of this concept was a response of the world community to the challenges of globalization, which pushed the world community to the need to develop a new development philosophy, designed to unleash aggressive consumerism to oppose moderation, abstinence, the harmonious development of the individual and the collective, nature and society.[Speth, James Gustave, and Peter M. Haas. Global environmental governance. Pearson Education, India, 2007.] [Sand, Peter H. "Lessons learned in global environmental governance." BC Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 18 (1990): 213.]
Since the beginning of the greening process of the international agenda in the early 1970s. States and international organizations were the main elements of the system of global governance. Since the 1980s, the system of international governance has begun to “intensively transnationalize” which meant the inclusion in the management process of a large number of non-state actors operating at different levels, from local to regional and global. The key processes underlying the qualitative systemic changes of that period were economic globalization, as well as the informatization and democratization of the world system. The new actors, such as business, civil society, and academia today play a sometimes more active role than the state and international organizations, both at the level of international cooperation and in the new global multi-level management system. The trend towards trans-nationalization is focused on the future and has great prospects. At the same time, it does not at all mean the termination of the active participation of national states in global governance, but it creates new opportunities and benefits for the world community.[Biermann, Frank, and Philipp Pattberg. "Global environmental governance: Taking stock, moving forward." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 33 (2008): 277-294.]
Researchers argued that global environmental governance requisite the states to balance equity, efficiency as well as sustainability with restricting the freedom of humans. Both disintegration and divergence of the goods pose a key challenge to environmental governance. In this regard, the classical economic school of through can be applied that rest upon the concept of marginal value, independent action, and rational preference. Along these lines, the contemporary environmental thought as well as contemporary economic thought share common origins. The issues with in-proportionat...