Black History Project First Part Research Assignment

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Date:Black History
Black history refers to the history of black people from their ancient times to the recent past. It includes the history of the Africans, African-Americans, Afro-Latin Americans, black Canadians, Afri-Carribeans, Black British people, Afro-Brazilians, and Afro-Arabs. Both African and American scholars have shown interest in the unfolding of the African life, its culture, nationalism, leadership, migration, social, political, and economic history.
Martin Luther King Jr. led the civil rights movements in the 1960s and ended racial segregation in the public transport sector by initiating a boycott. He is a civil right leader who is recognized for his effort of fighting for freedom of Africans from racism and slavery from the Europeans. Slavery and racism was and still is a challenge for some people living in America. Unfortunately, whites still hate the black man considering them slaves despite the efforts put to fight for freedom. In 1968, Martin Luther was assassinated after he had led mass protests that led to the legislation of 1964 and 1965 and made him iconic for his speech ‘I have a dream.' Edward William Brooke and Thurgood Marshall are some of the leaders who followed the King steps.
Slavery is perhaps the bitter facet of the black history that cannot go unmentioned in discussions concerning African society.
African Slavery took place during the 16th and 17th century with capitalism and exploitation dominating. In the 1600s the first slaves who were forced to cross the Atlantic settled in Virginia. The American colonies recorded a huge population of over 25,000 in the 1700s. The slaves were normally kidnapped from their villages packed in tight ships and sold to slave traders. The American and European countries economies benefited from Slave trade through profit maximization. The African slaves worked under poor conditions with the help of their children. They worked for long hours, and their employers treated them with cruelty. Some slaves were allowed to have children, and others were not. Sale escape, early deaths due to poor health, suicide, and murder from Salvador separated families (National Humanities Center). At least 200 slaves out of 1000 who crossed the Atlantic died. Some committed suicide in terrible ways.
Some light offenses were severely punished, and serious crimes such as murder or rebellion resulted in torture or death. Amputation of a limb was a common form of punishment. The whites felt like they had a right to beat their slaves as they please. The slaves lived in poor houses which were only good enough for survival. They could not complain about the harsh conditions and had no freedom to bring anyone before a court, and they were also not allowed to testify against the whites.
In his book 'black for social change,' Gordon defines black leadership as the process of black determination, a search for all black Americans. Most leaders of the world majority who are Africans have fought and continue to fight for the liberation of the black race. They not only fought for the liberation of blacks but also to eliminate barriers held on minorities in the society. These leaders believe that human beings are equal regardless of their color and religion. Slavery has given birth to good leaders. Great leaders like the Former President of the United States of America, Barrack Obama, First President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela who was an African nationalist known for tackling institutional racism and fostering Racial reconciliation. Additionally, it has given rise to activists such as Mohammed Ali who is associated with civil rights movements of the 1900s.
Although blacks still live among the whites, they adore their nationalism and always shield their culture. They still struggle to maintain their identity despite being chained. Marcus Garvey and Martin Delay are the founding fathers of Black Nationalism. Martin was denied admission to one of the American schools despite his marvelous performance. In his book, he insisted that Africans should not hope for any better life instead they should create a world of their own. On the other hand, Delay called blacks to go back to Africa. He further encouraged redemption in Africa due to the colonialism slavery going on in African countries. These leaders worked to unite Africans all over the world for the development the minority. However, racism rose during this period. The blacks separated themselves from the whites and united to destroy capitalism enterprises. Blacks expressed their urge for freedom through drama, music, and art.
Black organizations made a great effort in building schools and social amenities for the black people, even after the racial segregation from the whites. Africans in the American colonies could not access educational institutions. In some colonies, blacks were prohibited from getting close to schools and even punished for enrolling to schools since the institutions were only meant for the whites. In 1950 the Harvard Medical School received the first black students only to be expelled after protesting from the school. African children were forced to help their parents even after education was available to them rather than go to school. Illiteracy among Africans persisted until the end of the civil war. More schools and colleges were established during the 21st century.
In 1954, a new law was introduced. This law insisted in equal access to education but under separate systems. It was however opposed by some governors leading to the closure of some schools. Although racism is still a challenge in America, the former president of America Obama worked for the restoration of equality between whites and the blacks. Thanks to him blacks can now access opportunities in education and workplaces.
Africans had made remarkable progress in their small empires and kingdoms even before the Europeans took over. A trade route to Asia had been established in Axum Ethiopia to make ...