Human Rights and Racial Inequality

A Close View of Racial Inequality in Canada Employment
Preliminary Outline
The visible minorities have continually been subjected to employment discrimination in Canada.
As Canada’s population changes, complexities in the workplace increase.
Thesis Statement On The Topic
A theory has been fronted to explain the problem of visible minorities discrimination in the workplace.
Social Capital explains the condition of employment inequality in Canada
Research also shows that visible minorities have a hard time getting Job Opportunities
1991 data shows that unemployment rate among visible minorities was 5% more than for the average Canadian, further showing how this group is discriminated against.
For the discriminated group, even getting relevant qualifications does not seem to work to their favor; there is still discrimination in terms of securing prime jobs.
Changing Demographics in Canada are only worsening the state of Minorities’ Employment.
While the economy of Canada continues to boom, the fruits of such positive growth are not felt by the discriminated lot.
In Canada, the gap between the top and low echelons of the society is widening, and this increases the levels of discrimination in the employment for visible minorities
There is overwhelming Evidence of racial discrimination in Canada employment
For example, Visible Minorities Earn Less than Other Canadians for the
More worryingly, Data from National Graduate Survey and Canadian Council on Social Development shows that this discrimination makes visible minorities achieve less, thus further shrinking their chances of ever making it to the top of the society.
Report from Canada Task Force on the Participation of Visible Minorities in the Federal Public Service shows that the public service is also home to racial discrimination
Visible Minorities in Canada Don’t Benefit From Economic Growth.
During the 2001-05, Income among Minorities Less Than The 2.7% of Canada
This was despite the Minorities Population Growing During this Period as compared to the rest of the Canadians
Slow Integration of the immigrating minorities cannot be taken as a good excuse of few chances in employment
Racialization in Employment and Poverty in Canada is slowly becoming a thorny issue for the economy
The prevailing market forces in Canada are the causes of racialization in poverty, and this raises concerns.
With time, the Visible Minorities become disproportionately poorer than other residents.
Though there are strategies to stop Discrimination from Canadian Employment, various challenges still prevail.
A Weak Canadian Legislation is the main cause of ineffective fight against the vice.
A notable Government Effort is the Employment Equity Act of 1986.
There is so much the stakeholders can do, especially to enforce the various guidelines and Acts that have been recommended in the past.
Annotated Bibliography
Edward Galabuzi, Grace. CSJ FOUNDATION. Canada’s Creeping Economic Apartheid: The Economic Segregation And Social Marginalization Of Racialized Groups. Toronto: The CSJ Foundation for Research and Education, May 2001. Web.
In this research, Grace analyses the economic segregation and social marginalization of racialized groups in Canada. Terming this problem as “economic apartheid” the writer observes that xenophobia and racial marginalization are still entrenched in the Canadian society. She has given a number of recommendations that might help end this scourge. This is a clear indication that at that time, lack of access to employment opportunities was more prevalent among these groups. . The existence of an employment gap could be explained by the disproportionate treatment of the racialized Canadians. Both those who have lived in Canada and the newcomers complain of such discrimination. Comparisons with other newcomers not from the racialized groups give a clearer picture of the inequalities when it comes to accessing employment in Canada. The gap between European immigrants and the racialized immigrants is also widening.
Edward Galabuzi, Grace, and Sheila Block. Wellesley Institute. CANADA’S COLOUR CODED LABOUR MARKET The gap for racialized workers. Toronto: , March 2011.
The authors are skilled in politics and economic analysis and they bring together their immense understanding of these areas to write this paper. The focus in this paper is the 2006 long form census report for Canada in comparison to the state of racialized Canadians in employment. This research paper sees the labour market in Canada as colour coded. Additionally, the authors indicates that data from this census, which was the last to use the long forms. It indicates that, the disparity between payment to racialized and non-racialized Canadians is still huge; a ratio of USD 1: 81.4 cents. The racialized groups are excluded from economic benefits through domination in low-end jobs, increased unemployment, and professional low representation and so on. The effects of this form of economic discrimination is weakened political participation, poor living conditions, criminal problems and even poor housing & segregation. Contrary to the popular notion that the new immigrants are the ones who live in such conditions, racialized groups regardless of the time they have spent in Canada are victims of these political effects. The only groups to have benefited from national economic growth were the Chinese, Latin Americans and Filipinos whose income grew by 1.9%, 0.8% and 3.0% respectively. The minority Canadians were a mere 5% of the total population but in 2001, their population rose to 13.4% of all Canadians. Then, when the 2006 census results were announced, racialized groups accounted for 16.2% of the population, a 27% growth in just five years. Further, projections show that this group will make 32% of the Canadian population by the year 2031. Over the years, the visible minorities have been subjected to discrimination in employment leading to a cycle of economic and social marginalization. As a result, the visible minorities disproportionately represent the Canadians in the lowest levels of economy. In addition, dominance of a few in the top hierarchy of the economy makes it even harder for income polarization to end in Canada. In general, data from the 2006 census data showed that the poverty of the visible minorities in Canada was at least 25% higher than the non-racialized Canadians
Lock Kunz, Jean PhD. UNEQUAL ACCESS A Canadian Profile of Racial Differences in Education, Employment and Income. Report. Canadian Race Relations Foundation, 2000. Print.
This is a feasibility report that was drafted in 1999 by the Canadian Race Relations Foundation. The main aim of this report was to bring to light the problem of racial inequality in Canada. Using data from the 1996 Canadian census and analyzing focus group discussions, the report give a number of important findings about Aboriginals and visible minorities in Canada. This includes the fact that generally visible minorities have enough academic qualifications, acceptance among the populace that there is unequal access to employment, there is discrimination against visible minorities in the workplace, and that the government is able to do more to stem out the problem of poor access to employment for racial minorities.
The report recognizes that racism is still present in the Canadian labor force. Therefore, racial minorities continue to find it difficult to get decent and fulfilling employment. The paper finally recommends public education as a way of dealing with this Canadian problem.
Ornstein, Michael. Ethno-Racial Inequality in the City of Toronto: An Analysis of the 1996 Census. Report. York University, Toronto Canada: York University, May 2000. Print.
The report focuses on socio-economic condition of at least 2,500 people from 89 ethno-racial groups in Canada’s Toronto area. While analyzing employment, education and income, this report tries to highlight the disadvantages that the visible minorities face. Education of different groups is surveyed specifically for the ages between 25 and 64 years. Employment levels between racialized and non-racialized groups are also measured. The researchers attain this through determination measurement of participation in labor force, part-time work and unemployment and so on.
From the report, it is deduced that Toronto is indeed home to ethno-racial disparities. The differences between racialized and non-racialized groups in Toronto are visible in several areas including child poverty, high school dropout rate, and unemployment rates.
From the report, the European majority to enjoy many advantages as compared to the racialized groups in Canada. This is mostly so in the economic outcomes whereby there exists a huge gap between non-European ethno-racial groups and European ethno-racial groups.
Paradies, Dr Yin . Preventing Race-Based Discrimination and Supporting Cultural Diversity in the Workplace an Evidence Review: Full Report. Report. Carlton South, Australia: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 2012. Print.
This is a report which sheds light on racial discrimination in the workplace. Although the report authors dwell mostly on the Australian context, the same argument would apply for the Canadian scenario. The paper defines race-based discrimination as one that touches on religion, ethnicity, culture or race. Further, the report emphasizes the need for cultural diversity, and the importance of defeating racial discrimination in the society. Looking at systematic discrimination in the workplace, this paper looks into several processes including recruitment, remuneration, promotion, training, resignation, and so on, considering a worker’s background, culture or race. This it argues, leads to disparities in motivation, commitment, and other things among workers of different racial orientations.
In analyzing the seriousness of racial discrimination in the workplace, this report determines that even being associated to a racialized group may lead to such discrimination. Just like in the Canadian setting, racial discrimination in Australia is very high as indicated in this report. Evidence also shows that this problem is on the increase. The report notes that the most vulnerable groups in the country are people with African, Asian, and Middle Eastern backgrounds.
Peter S. Li. "Differences in Employment Income of University Professors." Canadian Ethnic Studies 44.1 (2012): 39-48. Project MUSE. Web. 20 Jun. 2013. .
As a way of analysing how the earnings of visible minorities compare to the rest of Canadians, this paper looks at the incomes of university professors. This paper draws much of its data from the 2006 National Census of Canada, the analytical part. In this paper, the author features income for professors from eight visible minority groups. While controlling for gender, these earnings are compared with those of their white Canadian peers. Before the adjustment of personal characteristics, there are disparities in favour of non-racialized Canadians. After the adjustment of individual characteristics, both male and female professors from the visible minorities group earned less than their white counterparts, although at a lower degree. To cater for differences in productivity, another analysis on professors below 32 years was conducted. The same scenario of visible minorities earning less plays out. Though the study doubts the accuracy of results due to the uncontrolled nature of productivity, the presence of disparity in younger professors confirms fears of employment inequality in Canada.
Slade, Bonnie. "Seeking ‘Canadian Experience’: The Informal Learning of New Immigrants a Volunteer Workers." Academia Education. wallnetwork.ca, n.d. Web. 20 Jun 2013.
In this analysis the authors attempt to demonstrate barriers that hinder immigrants fro accessing job opportunities in Canada. Several strategies can be employed to help immigrants’ access job opportunities. Barrier against access to employment for visible minorities must be eliminated. In fact, what has lacked over the years on this recommendation is the goodwill. In this regard, there is need for the proper implementation of the federal employment equity act as originally intended. In addition, a problem of this magnitude might require some collective force, and this may only come through workers unions. Through the unions, the visible minorities will have a collective bargaining power which will eventually improve access to employment, conditions and payments. Finally, the government needs to re-introduce the fight against racism and discrimination through the anti-racism strategies of the 1990’s. This role lies squarely in the portfolio of the federal department of multiculturalism which could work hand in hand with other agencies both within and out of government. 
Wanner, R.A. “Prejudice, Profit, or Productivity: Explaining Returns to Human Capital among Male Immigrants to Canada.” Canadian Ethnic Studies30 (3) (2008): 24-55.
In this paper, the authors look into the conditions of male immigrants in Canada. Using data specifically from the 2006 census data, the authors delve into how visible minorities are subjected to racism and inequality in regard to the amount of payment for their work. Even education levels between the racialized and white Canadians are compared to prove this point. The race idea may have subsided over the years but people still feel they are different from others by virtue of their race. When the Multiculturalism Act was introduced, the idea was to encourage different races to adopt their languages and cultures while still integrating to the Canadian life. Racial discrimination is a very complex trend that is found in various facets of the society. This was a wonderful idea of stemming out racism in the workplace and by extension other facets of life but it seems not to work as expected. This author seeks to highlight the presence of racism and human rights violation in Canadian employment. In the past years, it was about the Europeans taking control of all economic aspects, while in recent years, the tussle is about segregation or discrimination through immigrant labor policies.
Methodology of research
Through this research, I want to find answers to the following questions: 1) Do we have racial inequality and subversion of human rights in employment in Canada? 2) What are the efforts that the government or any other agency put to curb this problem? 3) Finally, I will give some recommendations on how to enhance the efforts to combat the problem of human rights violation and racial inequality in Canada.
Draft of the introduction
Racism is still rampart, in the Canadian workplaces. The prejudice is directed towards minority groups such as the Chinese, Vietnamese, Latinos and Blacks. Most Canadians don’t think that the country is still grappling with the racism issue, especially after the enactment of the Multiculturalism Act...