Cosmetics

Name:
Instructor:
Course:
Date of submission:
COSMETICS
Contents
 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748277"
1.0 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc351748277 \h
2
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748278"
2.0 The history of make-up/cosmetic artistry  PAGEREF _Toc351748278 \h
3
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748279"
3.0 How are the cosmetics made?  PAGEREF _Toc351748279 \h
5
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748280"
4.0 Animal testing of cosmetics  PAGEREF _Toc351748280 \h
7
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748281"
5.0 The long term effects of cosmetics  PAGEREF _Toc351748281 \h
7
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748282"
6.0 The society and the make-up  PAGEREF _Toc351748282 \h
8
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748283"
7.0 Cosmetic industry  PAGEREF _Toc351748283 \h
8
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748284"
8.0 Conclusion  PAGEREF _Toc351748284 \h
9
 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc351748285"
9.0 Works cited  PAGEREF _Toc351748285 \h
11

Introduction
Cosmetics refer to as the care substances applied in order to enhance the physical body appearances and human odor. Cosmetics in another name are the make-ups; in general they are mixtures f chemical compounds. Some of these compounds are synthetic while others are derived from the natural sources (Elsner, Hans, and Howard, p 100). Though various cultures may define cosmetics differently, it is the intension to application of substances on human body for beautifying, promoting attractiveness, cleansing and or altering an individual’s appearance without necessarily causing changes on the human physical structure and or functionality. The term cosmetics derives from Greek and when interpreted it means the techniques of ornaments and garments/ dress. The application of cosmetics involves skills in the arrangement and ordering. The application of make-ups leaves individuals feeling young and pretty. In most cases it helps most women raise their self esteems. Initially, the cosmetics and the artistry of make-ups were designed for special occasions and events and in other cultures it was designated for a particular class of people especially the rich and the elites and the actors and actresses. The art of cosmetics dates back in the Old Testament days with various products in application such as castor oil, skin creams, and later advancements such as Vaseline, and Nivea among others. Therefore, the report herein is on the progression of the makeup in terms of what men and women used for the artistry of cosmetics and what is in use in this current generation, the process of manufacturing makeup products with focus on the whale oil. Further, the report addresses the testing of the products on animals before they can be proved fit for human application, the long term effects of the make-ups, the perception of make-up by the society, and finally is a look at the make-up companies.
The history of make-up/cosmetic artistry
It is critical to understand how the cosmetic and its artistry have evolved over the years. Despite the fact that both men and women have been wearing cosmetics over the years, there are various styles and cosmetics purposefully designed for men and for women. Further, what the ancient societies used for cosmetics and make-ups differs to what the modern society is using today. From a general overview of the cosmetic world it is easy to conclude that today’s society is completely obsessed with the appearances (Hernandez, p 180). It is assumed that before the modern society there was no pressure on issues to do with the physical appearances. However, on close examination of the olden cultures hundreds or thousands of years ago, it is evident that physical appearances were of great significance in the society. The history of cosmetics and make-ups dates back in the old testament where people would hold beauty contests with make-ups for example, in the book of Esther in the Bible, before the king could choose the queen, the beauty pageants would contest after having prepared for some months. Another case was in the days of Queen Jezebel who could apply the make-up on her eye lids and on her nails. This is approximately 840 BC. Further, cosmetics were used in the Greek world and in the ancient Rome and in the ancient Egypt.
In Egypt from about 2907 BC, cosmetics have been in use for both men and women. The most common was the unguent (Stepanovs, p5). This substance had the effect of hydrating the body and was used in order to reduce wrinkles on the faces and on the skin to make people look young. Egyptian women used Kohl to darken their eye lids as they decorated their eyes by coloring their under lids with a dark green color. Kohl was made from the soot or from a metallic element known as the antimony. With the references of the painting of faces appearing in the New Testament, it is believed that the Jews adopted the art of cosmetics from the Egyptians (Hernandez, p 180).
The Romans adopted the use of cosmetics in the mid of the first century AD. They used chalk to whiten the ladies faces and complexions; Kohl was applied on the eyelashes and eyelids as rouge was applied on the cheeks. They use pumice for cleaning the teeth. Elsewhere in the Glico-roman, women wore chalk and white lead on their faces.
Lead was used during the time of the Italian Renaissance. This lead element lightened the face. However, it had damaging effects on the skin of the wearer. Another cosmetic common during this era was the Toffana. It was named after its inventor, who made it from arsenic and it was used among the rich. The inventor advised her clients to apply the make-up in the presence of their husbands.
Another significant item was the rouge. This was popular in the era of the Regency. This was used widely by both men and women. People blackened the eyebrows and they dye the hair. A bandage dipped in the vinegar where they had the cats’ dung steeped, was worn on the forehead in order to avoid a low hairline. Many people in this era would make make-ups from recipes such as smashed strawberries, vegetables, brandy, flowers, herbs, fats and spring water. In this era white skin indicated a life of leisure while a skin exposed to the sun was an indication of a hard life of hard labor. Therefore, women carried parasols, wore bonnets and they covered the visible parts of their body with blemish removers and whiteners in order to keep the pale complexion.
Hundred years AD the Romans applied the barley powder and butter on their faces in order to eliminate pimples. Sheep fat and blood was critical as they used it to paint their nails (Hernandez, p 180). Among the men in this era were the mud baths and the dying of the hair blonde. In India henna became popular about three hundred years AD for religious purposes and decorating their bodies.
In the 1800 AD, Zinc Oxide was discovered being of great significance and safety in the field of cosmetic compared to lead which had great effects of the skin. However, Queen Victoria banned the use of cosmetics when she denounced it as vulgar. The use of cosmetics was left to be used in theatres. In the 1900 AD, the use of cosmetics made a comeback. Most women used the cosmetics in order to regain their youthful looks. They could buy the cosmetics from chemists secretly. Later tanned skin had become popular. By the year 1930 various products were in the market that would help women tan their skin.
In today’s field of cosmetics, t...