Literature Review for Taibi Kahler's 1974 "Hurry Up" Driver
Hi There,
I am a undergraduate Transactional Analysis psychotherapy student. I am looking for a Literature Review in Taibi Kahler's 1974 drivers theory. I am after research in his 'Hurry Up' driver. As I started to do an Action research project with my clients due to I have a 'Hurry Up' driver my self. In UK Petruska Clarkson written about his drivers in the UK Transactional Analysis Association. However there might be more journals in American Transactional Analysis Association. The essay is referring to reflective enquiry question which is my question of ' how does my Hurry Up' driver may effect therapeutic relationship' stayed unchanged from last year so I need journals, researches from respectable sources. The gap I have seen so far was from Cultural perspective. Does cultures plays an important factor as we can see some cultures have more 'Be perfect' drivers or 'Work hard' etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW ESSAY
Your Literature Review will be a 3000-word written assignment in which you discuss and evaluate the literature that already exists, in terms of the reflective Inquiry question that you intend to undertake during your fourth year, and what gaps there are, thereby making a case for carrying out your particular inquiry.
This essay is less about the story of your search, (if you changed or refined your question in the light of what you found, which is highly likely, then you can describe this process in your Reflective Inquiry Essay (see below)) but instead this essay concentrates on what the literature does and does not say about the key themes in the reflective inquiry question that you have decide to undertake.
This literature review is not intended to be comprehensive, in the sense that you need to reference every single piece of research that has some bearing on your reflective inquiry question, in fact you should include only about 10 – 15 citations, but it should be representative of the literature on the , and you should explain why you think it is representative , showing through description how you conducted your search and the ways in which you ensured you were not misrepresenting your findings.
In terms of structuring your essay, you may wish to use the following format:
You should start off with an introduction, in which you give a brief description of what the reader will find in your essay.
In the opening stages of your essay, tell your reader what your reflective enquiry question is and why you originally chose this and what statement connected to this, you started your literature search off with and give your reader a brief summary of how you carried out your literature search.
In the main body of the essay you should identify the amount and quality of work that has already been carried out in your topic area. Summaries the main arguments that you found in the literature and how you relate to it personally and professionally, giving as a part of this a set of conclusions about what you feel you can reasonably say as a result of your search, about your chosen topic area.
As a result of you search outline why you feel your reflective inquiry question is relevant for you to follow.
End your essay with a conclusion in which you draw together the main points that you raised in your essay.
LITERATURE REVIEW ESSAY
INTRODUCTION
You should start off with an introduction, in which you give a brief description of what the reader will find in your essay.
My reflective enquiry question is ‘How does my ‘Hurry Up’ driver may effect therapeutic relationship’? My question stayed unchanged.
In the opening stages of your essay, tell your reader what your reflective enquiry question is and why you originally chose this and what statement connected to this, you started your literature search off with and give your reader a brief summary of how you carried out your literature search.
MAIN BODY
In the main body of the essay you should identify the amount and quality of work that has already been carried out in your topic area. Summaries the main arguments that you found in the literature and how you relate to it personally and professionally, giving as a part of this a set of conclusions about what you feel you can reasonably say as a result of your search, about your chosen topic area.
As a result of your search outline why you feel your reflective inquiry question is relevant for you to follow.
CONCLUSION
End your essay with a conclusion in which you draw together the main points that you raised in your essay.
Literature Review
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Introduction
The "Big five personality model is one of the best-known methods of personality description. These factors are Openness, Extraversion, Consciousness, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability. This provided a foundation for clinical psychologist Taibi Kahler, P.hD observed that individuals manifest certain sets of behavior before entering distress. Kahler would then observe and write down every word, facial expression, gesture, positional sense, and intonation of his patients. Consequently, he and his co-workers cataloged five of the observed behavioral sequences. Known as the drivers, Be Perfect, Be Strong, Try Hard, Hurry Up and Please Me. Individuals with a personality characterized by the be perfect driver make their decisions and estimations in terms of "more" or "less good." They insist on making everything they touch as perfect as possible when a fair outcome is just good enough. People with the Hurry up drivers believe that doing things in a short amount of time will offer additional value to their work.
Consequently, they cannot estimate energy levels, lack attention to detail, and poor time management. The please me driver cause individuals to derive personal satisfaction based on the fact other people appreciate them. Such individuals are agreeable to avoid conflicts even at the expense of their own needs. For individuals with the be strong driver, they are adaptable in conditions many would consider unbearable. Lastly, the try-hard driver is characterized by obsessive behavior where an individual puts so much energy into their work. In performing their tasks, they choose the "hard way" even when the job can be completed with lower energy levels. This essay is centralized to a single research question that focuses on one of the drivers; the Hurry Up.
Body
Research question
The research question is, "how does my 'Hurry Up' driver may affect the therapeutic relationship'? I consider myself to possess the Hurry Up driver due to my insistence on faster work completion. Hurry up is a driver that influences the habit of obtaining immediate gratification and avoid deprivation, such as watching time CITATION Haz17 \l 1033 (Hazell, 2017). I attribute the impatience to my excitement of wanting to create my own in little time. However, good things take time, and it's something I have learned to apply in my day-to-day operations. I noticed the Hurry Up driver tendencies when working on an Action research project with my clients. Therefore, this is my motivation to conduct this research to determine how my personality trait would influence a therapeutic relationship's success rate.
The beginning of a psychotherapy journey, just like any other project if filled with uncertainties. Most patients will wonder if the therapy and counseling will be effective and help in solving their problems. Research has shown that successful treatments depend on the severity of the issue, the counselor's skill, and the patient's personal belief that the counseling will work. I am confident of controlling my impulses to avoid that may result in destructive behavior. The quality of the relationship between the patient and a counselor is essential to the treatment process. "If the therapist is in a particular driver, they invite similar behavior"CITATION Kah \l 1033 (Kahler, 2018). Therefore, the therapeutic alliance is more likely to be cultivated if the patent believes in the therapist's skills and a positive outcome. With this relationship being crucial to the treatment, it begs the question as to how a personality characteristic such as the Hurry Up driver will impact the therapy sessions.
According to Dr. Edward Bordin, three qualities: an emotional bond of trust, caring, and respect; agreement on therapy goals; and collaboration on the "work" are essential for a good therapeutic relationship. These qualities emphasize the need for a shared sense of ownership for the treatment. Drivers can be generalized in that one not only obeys it but require others to do so. Stoppers and allowers provide a leniency level where there are no expectations to obey CITATION Ger18 \l 1033 (Gere, 2018). In the treatment aspect, general agreement on the goals and potential outcome of the therapy will depend on a client's ability to OK the process. The collaboration will be ensured by mutual trust, caring, and shared decision-making on the treatment. With confidence and respect, the patient and therapist will have the freedom to share negative perspectives. Consequently, difficulties and problems that may arise during the therapeutic journey will be corrected with both parties' input CITATION Kno08 \l 1033 (Knobloch-Fedders, 2008).
The literature search on the Hurry Up is conducted using source materials from the UK Transactional Analysis Association and other journals from the American Transactional Analysis Association. For an individual with the Hurry Up driver, they must go faster. This will also be the case with treatment to expect to see signs of recovery right away. This scenario is complex for a therapist to navigate due to the patient's added pressure. The patient's impatience to get over with the therapy can mean disinterest or over interest CITATION Dan12 \l 1033 (Ciucur & PîrvuY, 2012). By being disinterested, the patient wants to get to the solution without putting in the effort required. Such patients will often underestimate the severity of their problem by expecting a quick fix. Although over-interest shows commitment, it also offers an individual trying to run away from their problems. Such patients will tell the therapist precisely what they want to hear.
Consequently, they will also expect the same treatment from the therapist. However, for therapy sessions to be successful, negative perspectives need to be said and addressed. "To therapeutically modify and confront negative parental drivers' impact, it depends on the reduction and cognitive-behavioral traditions of transactional Analysis" CITATION Tud17 \l 1033 (Tudor, 2017). Therefore, one must not shy away from the flaws because no progress will be achieved even in session completion.
Work that was done on the topic
To come to this conclusion, I have based my research on numerous readings and literature. They are based on child development, neurobiological research and therapeutic implications, psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis theories and methods. Transactional Analysis seeks to take advantage of the assumption that subjective beliefs are responsible for people acting along or contrary to their life script. Life script is considered an unconscious pathway created during childhood, reinforced by the parents, and strengthened by the evidence brought forth by life experiences. Intensive research has been conducted on the issue of life script, especially by Erick Berne, 1961. This perspective was found to influence psychological survival reactions, implicit experiential conclusions, and self-stabilizing introjections in the making of decisions CITATION Ste21 \l 1033 (Rigler, 2021). The literature or psychological attachment comes into play and is relevant in understanding life scripts and their relation to personality drivers.
The focus of life script is to determine its influence on psychotherapy, unconscious relational patterns, and insecure attachment. Fear-induced psychological reactions can stem from cumulative trauma and prolonged neglect, all of which are recorded in a child's procedural memories. Such experiences will make children develop coping mechanisms that manifest themselves in the personality drivers. For instance, a child that witnesses domestic violence or a victim of neglect might feel the need to overcompensate to avoid going through such experiences. Therefore, they may develop please others driver as they try to cultivate their relationships. This thinking line might stem from a psychological belief that they will be loved and appreciated by being good to others. Therefore, such children will try their best to avoid any conflict to prevent jeopardizing the status of any relationship they are in, even if it is to their detriment.
Likewise, life scrips will influence a child to adopt the Hurry Up D. For instance, a child from a divorced home might have difficulties with being patient. The co-parenting dynamic limits the time a child gets to spend with a parent. Therefore, a child will try to do as many activities as possible before with the parent that has custody over the weekend before time runs out. The same characteristics can be seen with children from a violent background and neglectful family. The children can exhibit characteristics such as eating quickly or guarding the plate with the hands. This is similar to inmates that eat speedily and protect their food out of fear that it will be taken.
The insecure attachment patterns ambivalent, avoidant, disorganized, and isolated result in the accumulation of emotional experiences that define individuals' personality drivers later on in life CITATION Ers09 \l 1033 (Erskine, 2009). Therefore, a therapist will most likely probe further on why an individual is impatient and feels the need to do things quickly. Apart from looking at a client's behavior, a therapist can look at a client's physiology. He or she will try to find out what the client is feeling in the body. Consequently, a therapist can analyze a patient's commitment by carefully listening to the client's stories and metaphors. Some of the real intentions are encoded in the client's fantasies, hopes, and dreams. The stories will tell what developmental and relationship needs were not met and require therapeutic responsiveness and validation. Individuals with the Hurry Up driver speak faster and stop to compete with each other's sentences. Therefore, a therapist can be keen on the responsive patterns of the client.
The work of Kahler has been adapted into many fields such as psychotherapy and education. The research is focused on education topics with interest to student's motivation. Like individual personality, life scripts are also involved in the career preferences of individuals. It is noted that their family and social background influence their career preference as they continue to adapt to living conditions for most individuals. One of the apparent connections between education and Kahler's principle is perfectionism. The differences in Be Perfect among individuals can explain the varying attitudes among students. Research has shown t...