Systematic Literature review on Smart Transport, Smart Policing and Smart Health using Scopus and using the PROVIDED ABS List Journals

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMART TRANSPORT, SMART POLICING AND SMART HEALTH By [Student's Name] Course Professor Institution City and State Date Assessing the Effectiveness and Public Perception of Smart Transport Initiatives: Evaluating Environmental Benefits, Social Equity, and Demographic Influences on Accessibility The technological aspects, equity issues, and demographic factors in smart transport initiatives interplay and are reflected in their effectiveness and public perception. Smart transport initiatives solve urban mobility by integrating IoT, data analytics, and AI into the transportation system. Their success will, however, depend significantly on how well they consider environmental sustainability, social equity, and accessibility for diverse demographic groups. Most of the literature stresses that intelligent transport initiatives use real-time data processing, adaptive traffic management, and predictive analytics to realise actual congestion and emission reductions with gains in public transit efficiency (Real et al., 2021). Asl, Nie and Charkh (2024) indicated that both light and heavy intelligent transport systems have been playing a very crucial role in the development of sustainable investment. The findings from this study indicate that heavy systems are significantly contributing to investment growth, especially toward carbon-efficient industries. Heavy intelligent transportation systems, which provide dynamic route planning and real-time traffic data, will help reduce emissions and enhance fuel efficiency while improving the flow of traffic. While most of the discourse has generally been dominated by technological issues, there is an increasing recognition that what should be most focused on is the human side of these systems: accessibility. The equity issue in this area remains one of the critical challenges. Some studies indicate that the most significant barrier to smart transport solutions always seems to affect low-income communities, people unaccustomed to using technologies, excluding them from a resourceful life (Faghri, Boyle and Lee 2022). Such observations point to a lack of consideration of inclusive design for vulnerable urban populations in systems that may potentially transform urban mobility. Frameworks like the Quadruple Helix development of transport solutions by government, academia, industry, and citizens offer a way toward inclusiveness and higher effectiveness. (Paskaleva, Evans and Watson, 2021) prove that the engagement of stakeholders in co-producing the evaluation criteria raises the quality of project outcomes and ensures the relevance of smart transport systems to local contexts. This participatory approach is also supported by the findings of Kummitha (2024), who underlines the necessity of active citizen involvement in planning and governance for social inclusiveness and environmental responsibility regarding smart city projects. The age, income level, and even the level of digital literacy greatly influence the perceived ease of access and use of intelligent transport technologies. While younger, digitally literate citizens easily take up this system, for older adults and less well-off people, difficulties arise in limited access or lack of digital competencies (Faghri, Boyle and Lee, 2022). This disparity is further driven when the investment in infrastructure shows more face toward the affluent part of town, leaving less favourable communities with less than enough transportation options. Real et al. (2021) have therefore called for equitable allocation to reduce this divide and improve the general acceptance of intelligent transport solutions. Various theoretical models, such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), are used to assess the degree of user adoption of smart transportation technologies. Such models generally assess perceived ease of use and usefulness, prime factors in moulding the public's attitude. However, many such frameworks lack a broad social and cultural acceptance of technology dimensions in varying city contexts (Real et al., 2021). Other limitations in the existing studies include reliance on short-term metrics, such as immediate reductions in traffic congestion or emissions, without considering such initiatives' long-term sustainability or social equity impacts (Paskaleva, Evans and Watson, 2021). Future research should fill the gaps in this study through integrated longitudinal studies that honestly assess the long-term effects of smart transport initiatives on urban mobility and equity. Further, efforts must be made toward developing a framework for considering cultural, economic, and social diversity in urban populations. For instance, the multi-scalar approach that Varró and Bunders (2020) proposed might help to understand how local, national, and global factors intersect in developing and implementing smart transport policies. Public perception of smart transport systems tends to be closely related to the perceived environmental and social benefits. Most residents do not appreciate how the system can reduce pollution to allow for a more pleasant, attractive urban environment. Data privacy and equity in benefiting often become looming factors over these positives (Kummitha, 2024). Creating and implementing transparent, trust-oriented governance models towards the public and integrating active citizen participation help alleviate these concerns. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smart Policing Initiatives: Examining Features, Crime Reduction Impact, and Resident Safety Perceptions in Urban Areas Smart policing initiatives combine predictive analytics, IoT-enabled systems, and AI-driven tools to address crime challenges within urban areas. Features that make them effective include real-time data processing, advanced surveillance technologies, and tactical deployment of police resources in response to spatial and temporal analysis of crimes. Ekaabi et al. (2020) have developed an integrated smart policing service quality scale that identifies dimensions like transparency, integrity, interactivity, responsivity, and serviceability. Their findings point toward the fact that smart policing is related to user satisfaction, trust, and quality of life. This study further stresses the integration of user feedback in order to enhance the response of services toward emerging communities' needs. These innovative solutions have empowered law enforcement agencies to predict crime sites and deploy their resources accordingly. Therefore, Application issues would be informed by these two prime challenges: complexities of city layout and socio-economic disparities in large agglomerations. The studies underline amply that effective deployment is c...