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Topic:
EARLY DARK AGES COMPARED TO THE MODERN TIMES
Research Paper Instructions:
The paper needs to be revised according to the instructions, the revision should be major.
The Outline is as follows:
5-6 pages typed, double-spaced, circa 1500 words; 12 point font, with 1 inch margins, proper footnoting (end-notes), bibliography in University of Chicago Manual of Style.
1. Topic – The“Dark” Ages (in the context of the early middle ages; 476 – 1000). Was the social, political, and economic climate of this epach any darker than modern times? The paper must compare modern times (focusing on the 20th century – Hitler, WW2, Nuclear War, Cold War, and the 21st Century Terrorism) to the era of the dark ages (between 476 – 1000) and contrast the social, economic and political climates of these two epochs to answer the question: What made the “Dark Ages” (between 476 – 1000) any “darker” than modern ages? By Dark Ages it must stay contained within the particular timeframe of the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and about 1000 AD) Don't discuss the later or “higher” middle ages after about 1000 AD as this was a different era.
A comparison will be made along these domains of historical reference (political, social, economic ) with those events in the 20th century – an epoch of “supposed advancement “in mankind that was actually marked by abhorrent events perhaps much darker than the period of 476-1000 often called the Dark Ages.
The questions to explore is “How far have we really came since the Dark Ages”. “Were they really much “darker” than modern times?” “In terms of the relative decline/advancement of the human race how better off were we 1000 years after these when we wook at the 20th and 21st centuries?” “Have we come a long way?” Has there been advancements in human “flourishing” and “enlightenment”? Is the human race doomed to a perpetual history marked by mankinds ascent in a moral and ethical maturity/knowledge only to be followed by an inevitable and rapid degeneration into a base state of barbarity? What brings about this barbarity? Is it the Economic conditions? Religious strife? Politics? Social unrest? Or a combination of all these things…
The focus of this parper must be the Dark Ages. Describe the political, economic and social climate of this epoch. What made it so dark? What did it look like along these domains? Then the papers conclusion should draw in some reference to events of the 20th century. An attempt will be made to illustrate if mankind has in fact progressed though the renaissance into a new“brighter era” of human flourishing? If we really were “enlightened” or if the 20thcentury is proof that mankind has not “grown up” in the 1000 or so years since the “Dark Ages”
***Important note: IT IS IMPERTIVE That at least 3 Primary sources are required. Scholarly Articles are NOT considered primary sources. However, If you find a scholarly artical that contains a reference to a primary source this can be used as a primary source. To illustrate only the following are eligible to be considered to count as 1 of the 3 required Primary Sources - historical sites, castles, battlefields, artifacts, ruins or buildings, transcribed original documents, and anything directly from the times being written about. These need to be from the epoch being discussed and they must be analyzed in the paper to describe what's being discussed.
These sources can be from the internet if reputable and properly cited using Chicago format and/or the library. You don't have to visit Europe to get these but do need to use 3 or more primary sources as mentioned above.
The Dark Ages is period is characterized by a relative scarcity of historical and other written records at least for some areas of Europe, rendering it obscure to historians. It may be difficult to find Primary Sources for this era. Please be advised.
Beside 3 or more Primary Sources the paper must use at least 3 Secondary sources which can be books, scholarly articles, etc.
Possible Secondary Sources:
Wells, Peter S. (2008-07-14). Barbarians to Angels: The Dark Ages Reconsidered. W. W. Norton.
López, Robert Sabatino (1959). The Tenth Century: How Dark the Dark Ages?. Rinehart.
Herbermann, Charles G. "The Myths of the 'Dark' Ages,"The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XIII, 1888.
Magevney, Eugene. "Christian Education in the 'Dark Ages'," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XXIII, January/October 1898
Research Paper Sample Content Preview:
THE EARLY DARK AGES COMPARED TO THE MODERN TIMES
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Introduction
Early dark ages are also referred to early middle ages. Specifically early ages refer to the period between 476 – 1000AD. It is estimated that during that periodthe man was still evolving and little at that time can be compared to the modern man. There are many aspects about the early ages that totally differ from what exists presently.Man, during the early ages, has been known to survive and exist along primitive conditions of living characterized by poor methods of carrying out daily activities. It can be generalized as cultural deterioration of the dark ages. In this context, daily activities refer to the social, economical and political climate existing during the early ages.
The political organization of early ages was very much poor (poor administration) and restricted to prominent, powerful and strong members of the society. Socially, early man, in this case the man, who lived between 476 and 1000AD, led a primordial social life, with less of religious organizations such as churches1.His social life cannot be compared to the contemporary social life. Another aspect of great interest and speculation of the early man is the economy at that time. Economically, there was less of trade and industry. The existing ones were restrictive and limited to locality and domestic economics. At this moment in time, pone can easily notice that this is the main reason why the period is referred to as dark early ages. The word ‘dark’ has been used to refer to how primitive the way of life of man was at that time.
On the other hand, modern age is characterized by improved way of living. In essence, the human way of living has greatly transpired to greater heights totally different from the dark ages. Conceptually, human life has improved. This is with regards to the political organizations existing, the social way of life and the prevailing economic conditions, state and nature in general. Therefore, it is significant for individuals to establish how the current way of life has transpired from what it used to be to what it is now3. In particular, they should seek ways to determine how the early ages are similar and different form the modern age. Hence, this paper will compare and discuss the early dark ages to the modern ages.Respect will be given to how the way of life has transpired from the Dark Age to the modern age. To arrive at the conclusions statistical analysis was carried out in relation to the topic of discussion.
As it has been noted above, the period between 476 and 1000AD was characterized by primitive way of life. This is one of the major reasons why the age is referred to as dark. It is the period that saw the fall of the Roman Empire. During this time man was less knowledgeable and quite not innovative.Innovative is in the sense that man could not think beyond the nose. He spent of the time stuck to conventional methods and practices. This constitutes to the major differences between the dark ages and the modern ages. In the same context, it is significant to consider the individual comparisons and contrasting aspects of the two periods1. These aspects include the political organization and climate, social lives and the economic status.
Politically, the dark ages are quite different from the modern age.The political organizations were restrictive and limited to the strong and able. Generally, the age embraced the institution of empires as the major administrative bodies. Kings were the overall rulers and decision makers regarding the empires. Presently, the practice still goes on although along diminutive lines. In particular, those who are still under the rule of the king are fewer. Most modern countries have transpired to develop a governmental organization where there is a president and his followers who differ with different organizations4. Despite all these, the dark ages are characterized by primitive administrative procedures compared to the modern age. Moreover, the political climate in the middle ages was not as overwrought as the modern one.
War was mainly fought for conquering more land. Empires fought each other in order to capture resourceful cities and towns and other lands. Unlike the modern age, taking for instance the first and Second World War, it the cause and course are quite different compared to this. Political war transpired form the way it was conducted to the weaponry and other aspects. During the world wars, the weapons instituted were totally different and some improved from what had been used earlier.For instance, there was the use of poisonous gas and other specialized guns that were not present during the dark ages2. Besides, some weapons such as the rifles used during the dark ages were improved to sniper rifles, machine guns etc with increased ability and power.Additionally, other improvements such as the use of nuclear weaponry also represent the difference between the Dark Age and the modern age.By virtue of using unsophisticated methods of administration which greatly differ from the ones used in the modern period, one can easily not that theMiddle Ages were actually darker compared to the lighter modern age. This clearly depicts the difference between the political climates between the two ages.
It is therefore, noteworthy that mankind has greatly advanced and transformed from the life he lived back in the Middle Ages to what he actually lives now politically. This is evident from the defined political structures and organizations that govern the modern man. In comparison to the Dark Age, the political structures and organization were undefined and based on individual perceptions that were most of the time provisional3. Actually, the political history of the Middle Age is dark and is incomparable to the modern political climate2. In essence, apart from a defined political structure, the modern structure entails the use of sophisticated means to administer power and/or rule. Human beings have flourished given the long way they have come and such advancement should be celebrated.
Socially, the Dark Age has transformed greatly to what the modern age is. The social ties during the middle ages are characterized by levels of low thinking and prehistoric ways of undertaking social activities5.For instance, religion in the dark ages is characterized by the medieval church and Christianity. These two aspects run the religious history of the middle ages. Christianity was the most precarious and unstable social aspect of the period. Unlike the modern day religion, Christianity in the dark ages was a controversial issue as individuals and renowned rulers had their own influence on church matters and could control it unswervingly.It was characterized by unending conflicts that would sometime later bring a great division and lead to reformation.
The religious doctrines during the period were more of limited to the traditional belief and at times conventional methods of faith were used. In comparison to the modern day religion, there is great disparity between the two ages. The modern church is more distinct and has an unswerving basis and strong foundation of its beliefs. The modern church is defined and clearly depicts the differences between different faiths e.g. the Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Catholics etc.However, it should be noted that at some extent, the modern church is also characterized by conflicts and disagreements especially among the Protestants.Thus, at some point, the divisions are quite similar to what was evidenced in the dark ages. To a great extent, this makes the dark ages darker than modern age. In essence, it implies that mankind has greatly advanced from the ‘primitive’ age to the modern age. Human beings are better off in the modern age compared to the Dark Age.
Still on the same line, it is imperative to note that the family as a social institution was the basis of an individual.Other social institutions like the school were fewer and less advanced than the modern age. For instance, learning was community based and individuals were taught and/or trained on being protective soldiers, smiths, etc. Considering the administrative nature and how individuals were governed, the social institutions were left at the s...
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