The Eyes are the Organs that Enable the Power of Vision

Sensation and Perception
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Abstract
Sensation and perception are always used interchangeably, thereby ending up being confused .Inasmuch as this is the case, and there is a huge difference. Understanding of the underlying differences apart from the difference in definition would be important in knowing how the body works with the two. All the sensory organs and their respective functions are also going to be addressed to shed further light in the psychological interpretation of the two.
Introduction
Psychology and biology tend to cross paths in numerous instances. This doesn’t come as a surprise, since on is basically a kind of ‘outgrowth’ of the other. In this case, psychology is the outgrowth of the former. With this in mind, there are terms likely to be confused .For example, perception and sensation. These two words are in most cases, used interchangeably without to mean the same thin, under normal ordinary circumstances. A mention of either of these two words will just ring to matters concerning the senses. However, in psychology, there is a distinct difference between these two terms, when looked at very keenly. To understand the difference between these two, it would be important to look at their distinct definitions.
Sensation is the rather passive process through which the body acquires information from the external surrounding and relays it to the brain. Perception on the other hand, is the active process by which the messages relayed to the brain are deciphered in order for appropriate response to be taken. From this definition, it can be seen that there are very distinct differences between sensation and perception. Sensation, even as the name suggests, basically entails the use of the respective sensory organs; the nose, ears, tongue, eyes and skin, to detect a change in the environmental stimuli and send information packets to the brain through the sensory nerves. Perception on the other hand, is the manner in which these messages sent from the sensory organs, are interpreted.
The other interpretation here is that sensation is a feeling whereas perception is a thought. From this immediate difference, sensation is more physical and one that can easily be proved, whereas perception cannot. Perception isn’t as fixed a fact as sensation. Perception is purely subjective. It depends on the experience and hence conditioning of an individual. How an individual has continuously interpreted his or her senses over time is what defines perception. Additionally, one’s expectations and attention play a huge factor in perception. Different people can have the same sensation but different perceptions. This paper is going to look at the body in relation to perception and sensation.
* Vision.
The eyes are the organs that enable the power of vision.
Mechanism of Vision.
For body to be seen by the eye, light needs to bounce off it and to the eye. Once the light reaches the eye, it enters through the cornea, goes through the aqueous humor, then lens, the vitreous humor and onto the lens. As light passes through these parts, it undergoes multiple refraction .The purpose of this multiple refractions as the light goes through these different parts is to ensure that the final light ray is focused on the retina. The retina contains rods and cones, which contain pigments that are stimulated once light falls on it. The retinal membrane is connected to the vesicles in which action potential is set up once light strikes it. The action potentials are then transferred as nervous impulses via the rods and cones until they finally get to the synaptic knobs(Daw,2012).
The impulses then move on from here to the bipolar nerve cells. These cells then relay these signals to the optic nerves through the ganglions. The optic nerve acts as the information superhighway that relays the light signals to the brain for interpretation. It contains more than one million neurons. Once the image reaches the brains, it is made upright, after being inverted at the retina. Vision is controlled by the part of the brain known as the occipital lobe(Pediaopolis,n.d).
* Audition.
The eyes are the organs that enable the power of vision.
Mechanism of Audition.
The ear is in its shape in order to capture vibrations from the external surrounding. Once captured, these vibrations are sent through the auditory canal to the eardrum, which vibrates in response to any sound waves .The eardrum basically amplifies these vibrations ,after which they are taken through the oval window ,which contains the malleus, incus and stapes. From the oval window the sound waves are then moved on to the cochlea, which is connected to the brain through the auditory nerve. The auditory nerve then relays the sound waves to the brain for interpretation(Murray,n.d).
* Touch/Tactile.
The skin is the organ that detects touch.
* Mechanism of Touch.
This is the most vital sense in psychology, as it is the sense out of which all the others originate from, according to psychology. The skin, which is the body’s la...