Research on Disco DI Psychology Research Paper Essay

Research on Disco DI
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Research on Disco DI
Bipolar Disorder BD is one of the problematic mental health challenges worldwide. It is marked by symptoms that overlap with those of other disorders, leading to difficulties in the differential diagnosis. It is a chronic disorder characterized by unpredictable instabilities, emotional, and depression symptoms. It calls for the need for comprehensive lifelong management of pharmacological interventions and psychotherapy management.
Diagnostic feature and Differential Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
After examining the vignette's information regarding past behavioral patterns, Diana Miller can be diagnosed with bipolar disorder II. However, other disorders that need to be considered or ruled out during this diagnosis include childhood ADHD, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, psycho-affective disorders, and substance abuse-related disorders, among others. Due to symptoms of hypersexuality, alternating episodes of depressions and manic episodes, drug abuse, multiple hospitalizations, and various suicide attempts, I think this is c case of bipolar disorder II.
There are bipolar symptoms that are evident through history evaluation. The first evidence is evidence of attempted suicide, which is a critical manifestation of bipolar disorders. The contribution of bipolar disorder II to suicidal behavior is considerable. Findings show that there is no substantial impact of bipolar subtype on the rate of suicide attempts, and further evidence shows that individuals with bipolar II disorder (BPII) use more violent and lethal strategies than individuals with bipolar I disorder (BPI) (Novick, Swartz & Frank,2010).
Second, Disco DI looks depressed and lonely. Bipolar disorder is often marked by depression, where there are extreme mood swings that encompass emotional highs representing mania and lows that reflect depression. During the depression, an individual becomes sad, hopeless, and loses interest in daily activities. Third, she abuses drugs. She took Valium and a scotch cocktail to managed loneliness. She is reported to have also abused marijuana and hallucinogens at the age of 15. Fourth, her school performance during her childhood was poor. The suboptimal performance in education can reflect neurobiological disorders, including bipolar disorder or even attention deficit hyperactive disorder. Fifth, she depicted episodic alternation of moods, including being cheerful, outgoing, then shifted to euphoria, rebellious, sullen, tearful, and sad. Sixth, she was promiscuous to the extent that she engage in reckless sexual experiences with even strangers. Finally, she had recurrent hospitalization, in some instances following near-fatal suicide attempts. All these symptoms illustrate high-index suspicion of bipolar II disorder (BPII).
Various spectra of Bipolar disorder exist (Phillips & Kupfer, 2013). Bipolar I disorder is marked by at least one manic or mixed episode. Bipolar II disorder revolves around hypomania and depression, which constitutes the primary bipolar presentation in primary care. More often, affected persons often present with symptoms of depression but do not respond adequately to conventional antidepressants, which can be mistaken as treatment-resistant depression. Besides, the bipolar spectrum of disorders includes the other two types. Specifically, a cyclothymic disorder entails continuous biphasic mood instability lasting two years or more in adults but lacks severity levels to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode or mania and unspecified bipolar and related disorder.
Borderline personality disorder can also be confused with bipolar disorder. Even though BD and borderline personality disorder (BPD) may have common clinical manifestations and frequently co-occur, their interrelationship is contentious. Significantly, the differentiation of rapid cycling BD and BPD can be challenging: affective instability, impulsiveness, and self-injury, and suicidal ideation are linked to rapid cycling BD and BPD (Riemann et al., 2017).  One needs to depend on diagnostic characteristics unrelated to mood instability. Riemann et al., (2017) findings showed that mostly avoiding abandonment, interpersonal instability, identity instabilities, prolonged emptiness, excessive anger, and paranoia are disorder manifestation that is not usually found in BD. The authors' observation is relevant in differentiating BPD from (rapid cycling) bipolar II disorder, considering troublesomeness in retrospectively diagnosing hypomania when the history of mania is lacking. However, borderline personality exhibits patterns of interpersonal relationships that are chaotic, turbulent, and accompanied by 'emptiness and attachment challenges. Borderline personality diverse is often associated with childhood adversities such as trauma.
BD and ADHD are mental conditions are neurodevelopmental disorders, which are sometimes undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and overdiagnosed, resulting in elevated morbidity and disability rates (Marangoni, De Chiara, & Faedda, 2015). The differentiation of BD and ADHD is done by examining clinical features, comorbidity, psychiatric family history, and treatment response. The challenges in differentiating BD from ADHD are due to overlapping manifestations in both disorders. Both conditions have the same age of onset and comorbidities, accompanied by chronicity and lifelong illness progress that disrupts education and vocational activities (Marangoni, De Chiara, & Faedda, 2015).
Children with BD present with manic and depressive symptoms. The core manic manifestation includes severe mood changes including extreme irritability, elation, grandiosity, inflated self-esteem, being highly energetic, the inability to sleep adequately or excessive sleep, excessive talk, hyper-sexuality, increases distractibility, and depicting highly risky behaviors. The BD'S depressive symptoms include sadness, loss of interest, difficulty sleeping, increased agitation, suicidal thoughts, lack of focus and attention, and appetite and weight changes. Children with bipolar disorders show higher rates of suicidal tendencies, poor academic performance, problematic relationships, higher i...