Research Four Correctional Institudes: What are the Missions of Each Institution?

Correctional institutes
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Correctional Institutes
Introduction
The number of inmates in the United States hit 2.4 million by 2009, making the U.S. the only free country with the highest incarceration in the world (Petersilia, 2011). Comparatively, The U.S. incarcerates twelve times more people than Japan, nine times than Germany and five times than the UK. Between 1960 and 1990, the crime rate in the U.S. increased by more than five times overall with four times frequency of violent crime, and double in murder instances. Drug abuse also increased with many blaming the bizarre situation on lenient punishment to offender (Petersilia, 2011). Reports in the U.S. Bureau of Justices Statistics show that tow out of three of the freed prisoners are arrested again, at least for another serious criminal offence while half of the freed prisoners are re-incarcerated just within three years after they are freed. Among all adult arrest cases, former prisoners make approximately 15% to 20%. Therefore, correctional centers for juveniles and adults on drugs and crime were seen as optional approach to correct the prisoners and reduce recidivism. This paper looks at four correctional institutes for juvenile detention on drug substance abuse centers and adult facilities. It looks at how they relate and differ through their programs, achievements and failures.
Correctional Institutions
1 Salt Lake City, Utah: A Day Reporting Centre
This is a day reporting center in Utah that was established in 1994. Its main mission is to serve high risk and high need individual offenders that practice drug and substance abuse. This center focuses on offenders who have technically violated procedures or fresh new law breakers while under parole or probation (NCBI, n.d). The main programs at Salt Lake City Reporting Centre are aimed at reducing recidivism and enhancing recovery of the offenders. The programs are designed in such a way that they enable the offenders to improve their coping skills, job and employment skills, preventing relapse and to promote smooth re-entry of the offenders into the community. A research study on the center reported that offenders who attended the day reporting center on a one-year program and were discharged had less criminal charges, less property offenses, and fewer drug and substance use instances for the first year period after discharge. A longer stay at the center gave better results of positive outcome after the offenders were discharged.
2 Dallas County Judicial Treatment Centre
Another adult facility center is the Dallas County Judicial Treatment Centre in Texas, which was established as a residence center for substance and drug abuse treatment program center. The main aim of the Dallas County Judicial center was meant to ease overcrowding in the prisons of the law offenders under probation (NCBI, n.d). The center programs are designed in a modified way with twelve step component of therapeutic community that includes basic drug and substance abuse treatment, drug education, life-skills training and group counselling. After offenders take one year through the program, they show improved conditions by nearly fifty percent of being able to be reintegrated into the community. They have lower rates of re-arrests and the program helps achieve its objective of correction and rehabilitation.
3 Arizona State Prison Complex-Eyman, Florence, Arizona
Arizona Department of Corrections established the Arizona State Prison Complex-Eyma to serve as a special management unit (SMU) II for juveniles. The state’s complex prison is Arizona’s super facility for maximum security to incarcerate law offender who show signs of being a security threat to the normal state prison system of the state (Austin, Johnson & Gregoriou, 2000). Within this institution is an established self-contained unit for the incarceration of juvenile law offenders. The unit accommodates specialized health unit for mental cases and death row cases for the department. The Arizona State laws mandate for the separation of minor offenders from adults and the placement into a special management unit (SMU) is arrived at after rigorous disciplinary action. The Special Management Unit thus operates like a disciplinary separate unit for the juvenile offenders who are sent to an adult facility for correction by the department of corrections of Arizona. The Special Management Unit (SMU) was built in 1997 and accommodates 20 youthful offenders operating at its full capacity. There are physical barriers and rigid schedules that regulate the movement of juveniles into programs to ensure that there is no contact with the adult population. The facility is guided by a system of objective classification on offender’s admission into the super maximum prison status (Austin, Johnson & Gregoriou, 2000). Points are assigned by the classification system instruments based on a number of factors like the nature of offense, misconduct and escape while serving in prison. The subsequent score may be reduced if a prisoner remains free of serious misbehavior within the Special Management Unit (SMU) and by accomplishing particular programs. Youthful offenders are taken through well-conceived three programs at the special management unit (SMU), which include Hazelden’s a Design for Living, Cage Your Rage and Biblio Program, which are based on each youth’s needs clinically assessed. The first program is a treatment for substance abuse in a 12 step alcohol anonymous program. The second program deals with helping the convicts manage their anger emotions by recognizing them, their causes and control methods for anger modification. The Biblio is a literacy program involving readings and essay writings.
4 Adolescent Reception and Detention Center and Rikers Island, Rose M. Singer Center, New York
The New York Department of Corrections established the above center to contain juvenile law offenders who are remanded in the custody through a judicial action, and offenders at pre and post adjudication levels. The juvenile offenders are those awaiting trial, 1 year or less criminal convicts, violators of probation and paroles and those sentenced to more than a year awaiting to be transferred to the state prison system of New York. The department currently accommodates over 500 offenders aged between 15 ...