Contemporary techniques for supervision, management, and leadership

SUPERVISOR AND MANAGER AS EFFECTIVE LEADERS
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Effective leadership in the contemporary world calls for attitudes and behaviors that are characterized to relate to humanity. Human qualities are beyond the conventional notion of authority since it is an enabling force enhancing people in an organization to perform and develop. Leadership therefore, enables the achievement of people’s needs and the aims of the organization to be achieved. The concept of serving plays a pivotal role since leadership involves serving an organization or people within it. The notion of leadership is inverted by ineffective leaders who perceive leadership as an opportunity to be served by people and to acquire personal status. Servant leader is the notion which has been employed in the modern world to depict leadership as an opportunity to give.
People are the central concern of leadership since it involves decisions relating to all sort of things, but it is special due to its unique responsibility for people. Good leadership entails for emotional strengths and behavioral characteristics that draws on the leaders mental and spiritual reverses. Leadership is a reflection of the needs of the people which is a profound concept that has increasingly complex implications. Leadership is misunderstood with management as a task of directing and instructing people and decision making in an organization. Leadership encompasses trust and respect to people that is defined by behavioral traits and skills (Campbell, 2011). Leadership is thus, concerned with behaviors while management is chiefly about processes.
Management entirely relies on measurability of tangible like capabilities but leadership include essential management skills that relies less on tangible capabilities such as trust , attitude and inspiration and personal character. Leadership does not rely on management processes, but it depends on way by which these processes are employed (Cordner & Scarborough, 2010). Leadership is dependent on attitudinal qualities described by humanity since it reflects the vital relationship of leaders with people, which are different to conventional skills and processes.
Significant qualities of good leadership include integrity, honesty, humility, commitment, confidence, wisdom, compassion and determination. These behaviors and attitudes draw people who exhibit strength and inspire belief in others. Charismatic effect of a leader is as a result of these qualities from effective leadership. Leadership enhances people to connect effectively to their expectations to a basic purpose of an organization (Lombardo & Schroeder, 2002). This purpose thus, provides the important reference of employees’ decisions and actions, an aspect in empowering organizations.
The purpose and philosophy of an organization assesses the critical characteristics of an organizations integrity fairness, ethics, and performance that judge employees relationships. The philosophical platform becomes the foundation by which techniques and methodologies to be based. Careful planning with people enable an organization to achieve its objectives since leadership entails to create own standards t hat balance between doing and managing others. Leadership builds a team whose communication and relationship are good as this develops people to agree on objectives that interest and stretch them to improve their performance in an organization.
Communication is vital in leadership as in involves consulting, listening and explaining what needs to be done (Murphy, 1996). Expression of how things needs to be done accentuate the positive tends to make people to work as a team towards a common objective. Leadership provides people with relevant opportunities and this provides an environment where everyone is able to achieve more than they hoped because they have faith and decisions is bravely taken when they are being implemented.
Leadership Styles
There are various styles of leadership styles, and the most common styles of leadership includes Laissez-Faire, authoritarian and democratic styles. The supervisor or the manager have the responsibility of choosing which leadership style that is most appropriate for the combination of styles that works for them best (Campbell, 2011). A supervisor may find one of the various leadership styles to suit him, but as a leader there is need to demonstrate the ability to change their approach based on the situation and display of openness in utilizing various management techniques and processes.
Laissez-Faire leadership
Laissez-Faire leadership style has been seen to place no emphasis on any of the basis of power and is referred to as hand off style, which the supervisor in this approach does not have control over employees. The employees therefore, have the authority to make decisions regarding group processes with minimal directions from the supervisor. It have been seen that some instances the leader have to remain available with respect to organizational processes to solve problems and for consultations (Campbell, 2011). This type of leadership style is perceived to give the leader more opportunities to perform other tasks and consequently providing employees with and opportunity to have their own initiative and judgments. This leadership style enhances employees to foster their own development, whose outcome is an establishment of an environment where apathy and distrust thrives among employees as they exhibit low needs for autonomy.
Authoritarian leadership
The authoritarian style of leadership has been considered to be the classical approach, which places emphasis of the coercive power in directing employees to perform their tasks. The leader in this classical approach is seen to be highly efficient and has to exercise strong command and control over decisions made within an organization (Lombardo & Schroeder, 2002). The leader in this type of leadership style does not attain any inputs from the employees in the process of decision making. Employees of the organization are expected ton obey orders from the leader without any explanations. This app roach creates an environment ion which motivation is structured as a set of rewards and punishments. The leadership style has been perceived to save time since it is quick in producing results, though it has negative effects to individual employees requiring high need for recognition by the organization.
Democratic leadership
The democratic type of leadership is the leadership that is more focused on monitoring and coaching employees rather than being in control of all activities. This type of leadership style enhances delegation of responsibilities and seeks input from employees while sharing authority with the employees. The leadership style attempts to avoid conflicts among employees and management since they are concerned with creating a favorable environment fostering warm and interpersonal relationships (Campbell, 2011). The situation in this leadership style accounts that the decisions made have to account all aspects of the current situation acting on the aspects which are at hand. This type of leadership is dependent on a more perspective and facilitative leadership style. There is a continuous improvement that relies on teamwork as it is concerned with management consensus that involves employees at all levels.
Leadership Traits
Good leadership traits are determined by key traits that acknowledge leaders. These character traits have been noted among successful leaders and can be employed by managers for developmental purposes and help to gain insight to their leadership traits. Leadership is a major aspect that is emphasized in the contemporary world of business. Unlike in the past where managers were expected to maintain a status quo in order to move ahead, there are new forces which have made it essential to expand this narrow focus (Murphy, 1996). Leaders are visionary currently taking the role of learner and teacher to foresee the society’s paradigm change with a strong sense of ethics to build the integrity of an organization. In order to determine what traits characterize an effective leader, it must contain the following traits.
An effective leader must have emotional stability since it ensures that a leader is able to endure frustration and stress at the work place. The leaders are well adjusted overall as they have the psychological maturity to deal with every aspect of issues in carrying out their tasks. A good leader has to possess the trait of dominance in overcoming obstacl...