Types and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes
Name
Institution
Diabetes
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition used in the clinical and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with common attributes such as high blood sugar or glucose levels a condition called hyperglycemia. The condition leads to the deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin action. There are various classifications of diabetes such as the type 1 diabetes mellitus also called the insulin –dependent diabetes mellitus, the type 2 diabetes mellitus termed as the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetes for other related medical conditions. Millions of people living with diabetes in America and out of the number 90% to 95% have the type 2 diabetes according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In this case, I am going to focus on type 1, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their diagnostic and treatment methodologies. The seventh leading cause of deaths in America in the year 2006 was diabetes by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the American Diabetes Association. The universal risk of death among people having diabetes is approximately twice as for individuals with diabetes. Annually, there is medical cost assigned for the people with diabetes in America in the tune of $ 245 billion in- direct and indirect cost. The purpose of this essay is to elaborate on the differences between the types of diabetes.
There are various pathophysiological differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes because, in type 1, there is the destruction of the beta cells causing the subsequent absence of insulin. The macrophages face the autoimmune attack genetically happening and susceptible to people in society. The type 2 pathogenesis of diabetes includes the resistance, and the impairment of secretion of insulin increases the blood sugar within the liver. It 2-type diabetes; there is a hypothesis of the ability of insulin resistance inhibiting the hepatic glucose production stimulating the uptake and use by the adipose muscle cells.
They are the common types of diabetes, and both are very chronic affecting how the human body regulates blood sugar or glucose. Glucose is a form of energy empowering human cell through the control of insulin. There are various physiological differences and similarities on the type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 mellitus. The individuals with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin which is the key agent in the control of the disease on the human body (Cnop et al., 2005). The people with the type 2 diabetes do not respond to insulin according to the required limits and later in the disease often make enough insulin. Both types of type 2 diabetes lead to chronic high blood sugars level increases the risks of more diabetic complications to humanity. There are common diabetes symptoms shared by both the diseases such as the frequent urination, feeling very thirsty, fatigued, blurry vision and non-proper healing of small cuts in the body. Both the individuals who have type 1 diabetes may also experience irritability and mood swings while losing weight consistently. People who have type 2 diabetes may have numbness and tingling in their hands and feet. Most of the symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 may be similar but appea...