Social Behavioral and Cultural Determinants of Health

Social, Behavioral and Cultural Determinants of Health
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Social, behavioral and cultural factors are among the main factors that influence health. In turn, these factors are a determination of other factors. This is how these factors and their determinants affect public health.
One of the social determinants is access to education. When the public has more people with knowledge, it is more likely to be able to identify health threats to the public and thus institute measures to control them ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71146-6", "ISBN" : "1474-547X", "ISSN" : "01406736", "PMID" : "15781105", "abstract" : "The gross inequalities in health that we see within and between countries present a challenge to the world. That there should be a spread of life expectancy of 48 years among countries and 20 years or more within countries is not inevitable. A burgeoning volume of research identifies social factors at the root of much of these inequalities in health. Social determinants are relevant to communicable and non-communicable disease alike. Health status, therefore, should be of concern to policy makers in every sector, not solely those involved in health policy. As a response to this global challenge, WHO is launching a Commission on Social Determinants of Health, which will review the evidence, raise societal debate, and recommend policies with the goal of improving health of the world's most vulnerable people. A major thrust of the Commission is turning public-health knowledge into political action.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Marmot", "given" : "Michael", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Lancet", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "9464", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2005" ] ] }, "page" : "1099-1104", "title" : "Social determinants of health inequalities", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "365" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ed09e876-b54e-48fd-b3c0-73867d1bb535" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Marmot, 2005)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Marmot, 2005)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Marmot, 2005)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Marmot, 2005). Besides, educations form the basis for employment opportunities. Therefore, these people can afford their health insurance and care. Another social determinant is proper housing. Closed public rooms, poorly ventilated promote the spread of airborne conditions ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71146-6", "ISBN" : "1474-547X", "ISSN" : "01406736", "PMID" : "15781105", "abstract" : "The gross inequalities in health that we see within and between countries present a challenge to the world. That there should be a spread of life expectancy of 48 years among countries and 20 years or more within countries is not inevitable. A burgeoning volume of research identifies social factors at the root of much of these inequalities in health. Social determinants are relevant to communicable and non-communicable disease alike. Health status, therefore, should be of concern to policy makers in every sector, not solely those involved in health policy. As a response to this global challenge, WHO is launching a Commission on Social Determinants of Health, which will review the evidence, raise societal debate, and recommend policies with the goal of improving health of the world's most vulnerable people. A major thrust of the Commission is turning public-health knowledge into political action.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Marmot", "given" : "Michael", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Lancet", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "9464", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2005" ] ] }, "page" : "1099-1104", "title" : "Social determinants of health inequalities", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "365" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ed09e876-b54e-48fd-b3c0-73867d1bb535" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Marmot, 2005)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Marmot, 2005)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Marmot, 2005)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Marmot, 2005). In most cases, poor living conditions cause adverse health conditions.
Similarly, the way people behave affect health. If the public embraces prostitution, for instance, there are likely to be high cases of HIV/AIDS transmissions ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "abstract" : "Some areas in fronal and cingulate cortex increase their activity long before the subjects say they reach a decision about what to do at a time that they can choose themselves.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Soon", "given" : "C S", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Brass", "given" : "M", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Heinze", "given" : "H J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Haynes", "given" : "J.-D.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nature Neurosci.", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2008" ] ] }, "page" : "543-545", "title" : "Unconscious deteminants of free decisions in the human brain", "type" : "article", "volume" : "11" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=3d5a362e-e315-457c-ae2e-5a4dd74d8367" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Soon, Brass, Heinze, & Haynes, 2008)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Soon, Brass, Heinze, & Haynes, 2008)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Soon, Brass, Heinze, & Haynes, 2008)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Soon, Brass, Heinze, & Haynes, 2008). This will be even higher if they enjoy unprotected sex. Similarly, a smoking population is likely to have many cases of cancers. This is for both primary smokers and secondary smokers ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1037/0003-066X.35.9.807", "ISSN" : "0003-066X", "PMID" : "7416568", "abstract" : "Developments over the past decade in psychology, in medicine, in funding institutions such as the National Institutes of Health, and in industry make clear that the rapidly growing areas of behavioral medicine and behavioral health are presenting psychology as well as its sister professions with new opportunities for training, research, and p...