Incorporating Theory One of the most common interventions done by nurses is urinary catheterization (Madeo and Roadhouse, 2009). Despite its commonality, it does not ensure that there are no risks. However, nurses still give their utmost care in their practices and interventions. This is why Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Care is an appropriate theory for this paper because the central theme for “care” resonated to so many nurses all over the world (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011). The Theory of Human Care was developed between 1975-2979 by Jean Watson. This theory can together with Watson’s own views of nursing and her knowledge during her doctoral studies of educational, clinical, and social studies. Her main goal for this is to express nursing values, practices and knowledge on human caring and direct it to promote subjective inner healing processes to balance the cure-oriented world of medicine (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011). There are ten carative factors that compose the theory of human care (Watson, 1999; “Jean Watson’s Theory of Nursing,” n d):

1. The formation of a humanistic- altruistic system of values.
2. The installation of faith-hope.
3. The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others.
4. The development of a helping-trust relationship
5. The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings.
6. The systematic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making
7. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning.
8. The provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment.
9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs.
10. The allowance for existential-phenomenological forces.

The first three factors form the foundational groundwork for the science of caring. The other seven spring from the first three (“Jean Watson’s Theory of Nursing,” n d). This theory works for the proposed solution because this theory promotes full participation of the nurse and the patient. This process entails a commitment to caring directly toward the preservation of humanity (Watson, 1999). This theory can be incorporated in the same aspect of using the nursing research process. They both directed at problem solving and both provide a framework for decision making (“Jean Watson’s Theory of Nursing,” n d).

The assessment process involves observation, identification and review of the problem and he use of applicable knowledge in literature. It also includes conceptual knowledge for the formulation, conceptualization of framework and formulation of hypothesis; defining variables that will be examined in solving the problem.

The planning process helps to determine how variables would be examined or measured. It includes a conceptual approach or design for problem solving and it determines what data would be collected and how on whom.

Interventions are direct action and implementation of the plan and it involves collection of data.

Lastly, the evaluation involves the analysis of the data and assessment of the effect of the intervention. Interpretation of results and formulation of additional hypothesis to improve the nursing practice are included here.

 

Sources:

Jean Watson’s Theory of Nursing. (n.d.). . Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.html Sitzman, K & Eichelbeger, L. (2011). Understanding the Work of Nurse Theorists: A Creative Beginning. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishing. Watson, J. (1999). Nursing: human science and human care: a theory of nursing. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishing.                                               Review of the Literature and Incorporating Theory Catheter associated urinary tract infection             (Name)                           (Course) (Instructor’s Name) (Date)       Review of Literature   Gentry, H. & Cope, S. (2005). Using silver to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Nursing Standard, 19(50), 51-54. Many cases of urinary tract infections (UTI) are linked to the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter, catheterization is often unnecessarily prolonged which increases the risk for infection. This is a quality improvement program focused on the effects of using a silver alloy hydrogel-coated catheter to lessen the risk of infection and thus helping the National Health Service (NHS) with its financial costs due to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). This is a quantitative study whose participants were the 133 patients admitted to the medical and surgical ward at an NHS trust acute general hospital in Worcestershire during 2003 and 2004. The patients were monitored and evaluated throughout their inpatient stay. Follow up was done 7 to 10 days after the removal of the catheter or their discharge. The data revealed that the rate of CAUTI cases was reduced by 33.5% when using the silver alloy hydrogel-coated catheter. Another significant implication is in terms of its cost-effectiveness by saving the NHS £2, 654. Despite its limitation of being a small scale study the authors believed that the data collected is strong and indicates that the use of the silver technology reduces CAUTIs. Despite this positive result, healthcare professionals should practice proper assessment for the indication of catheterization and proper management when a patient already has a catheter. Gould, C.V., Umscheld, C.A., Agarwal, R.K., Kuntz, G. & Pegues, D.A. (2009). Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections 2009. Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This is a guideline from the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) which is made for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). This guideline was developed to promote the recommendation made regarding CAUTI. One major recommendation is the appropriate use of the urinary catheter. Proper technique for urinary catheter maintenance is also suggested. Another recommendation is correct techniques in the insertion of the catheter. Quality improvement programs should also be utilized and administrative infrastructure should also be implemented. Lastly, surveillance of CAUTI patients and facilities is recommended to improve the quality of patient care. Madeo, M. & Roadhouse, A.J. (2009). Reducing the risks associated with urinary catheters. Nursing Standard, 23(29), 47-55. Urinary catheterization is a very common procedure but is invasive and carries a high risk for infection. This article is focused on evidence-based guidelines and technological innovations that help decrease the infection risk and improve patient care. Urinary catheterization and its management is traditionally the responsibility of the nurses. That is why it is very important for them to implement the best practice they can by following an evidence-based guideline. Some examples which are pat of the guideline are the following: insertion should only be done when all other options have already been explored and immediate removal of the catheter. Evidence-based care should be practice by all clinical staff in order to be trained and competent in the management of these cases and in order to reduce the risk for infection and improve the patients’ care experience. Pratt, R. & Pellowe, C. (2010). Good practice in management of patients with urethral catheters. Nursing Older People, 22(11), 25-29. One of the main causes of UTI in older people in the hospital is the use of a urinary catheter. An increase risk for death is one of the extreme effects of CAUTI in older people. This consequence can be minimised by making sure that all nurses and other healthcare workers incorporate evidence-based guideline recommendations to their routine practices.             The epic2 guidelines focus on preventing infections associated with the short-term use of indwelling urethral catheters. Assessing the need for catheterization is the first guideline. It focuses on alternative methods, indication for catheterization and catheter removal. Another r guideline is the select...