Obese Patients Engaging in Pre- and Post-Operation Bariatric Training Sessions

Research Critiques and PICOT Statement
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Introduction
The nursing practice problem entails obesity, a condition characterized by excess body fat and indicated by a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kilograms per square meter. Obesity predisposes people to several lifestyle conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and other cardiovascular illnesses. There are several factors that cause obesity. These include eating disorders such as pleasure eating junk and high-fat/sugar foods, genetic predisposition, and physical inactivity. One of the treatments for obesity is bariatric surgery, which is usually the last option for most people after other methods have failed or if the person has a health complication that indicates immediate surgery. These methods include diet planning and regular physical exercise, weight loss pills that control the physiological mechanisms of food in the body, and appetite suppressants. Bariatric surgery permanently alters the digestive system and the stomach, preparing the body to lose weight. The procedure has significant health concerns, and people undergoing it should be trained on how to manage their condition before and after the surgery. The research attempts to seek whether bariatric patients who undergo training sessions before and after the procedure lose weight better than those who do not undergo training for five months.
PICOT Question: Do obese patients (P) who engage in pre- and post-operation bariatric training sessions (I), compared to those who do not participate in bariatric training sessions (C), increase general weight loss (O) for five months (T)?
Background of Studies
Qualitative Studies
The study by Butt et al. (2021) involved research on body image concerns in both males and females, pre-and post-bariatric surgery. The research question was whether significant body changes and body image concerns existed before and after bariatric surgery. Butt et al. realized that most people who underwent bariatric surgery often had body image concerns that affected their psychopathology and quality of life. The study’s primary purpose was to learn the body image concerns that arose after bariatric surgery. The main objective was to acquire feedback from different patients with obesity, both men and women, who were yet to go for bariatric surgery and those who had already gone through one. Butt et al. (2021) found that there were different responses on how pre-and post-bariatric surgery patients expressed their body concerns. Therefore, there is a need for conversations about the procedure before and after the surgery to improve the psychological body image concerns among these patients. The study is significant to nursing since it elicits a clinical intervention and outcomes for patients with obesity.
The study by Somers et al. (2019) involved experimentation and research on a bariatric surgery preparation program. The study’s main objective was to describe the process of creating a new bariatric surgery preparation program, focusing on patients' individual needs. The study aimed to answer whether creating a new process of a pre-bariatric surgery program would transform the existing programs. Somers et al. (2019) found that there is a need to share information on dietary, medical, and behavioral changes as projections to support continuous weight loss. The study is significant to nursing as it emphasizes the need and importance of pre-operation bariatric surgery programs that focus on patients' individual needs.
Quantitative Studies
The study by Oz and Donmez (2023) looked at the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the BMI, emotional eating, and mindful eating of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. The study aimed to investigate CBT’s effects on BMI, disordered eating, and mindful eating of post-operative bariatric surgery patients. The study also aimed to investigate the most appropriate timing for applying CBT after bariatric surgery. Oz and Donmez (2023) found that patients who had CBT preserved weight loss and scored low on the emotional eating scale. The study is significant to nursing since it informs the upsides of bariatric surgery and how CBT can mitigate weight regain.
The study by Paul et al. (2021) sought to investigate the effects of CBT compared to the effects of usual care during pre-operation bariatric surgery. The study highlighted that after bariatric surgery, most patients show positive outcomes in weight loss. However, some patients tend to regain it later. Paul et al. (2021) highlighted that CBT improves the psychological health of obese patients before surgery and helps them maintain weight loss even after weight loss. The study found that patients who had CBT before surgery often had decreased emotional and pleasure eating, depression symptoms, and distress compared to those who had not had CBT before bariatric surgery. The study is significant to nursing since it informs the importance of CBT before a patient undergoes bariatric surgery. It also draws an understanding of the importance of psychological and social care for these patients.
How the Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem
The four articles discussed above will be used to answer the PICOT questions in several dimensions by demonstrating both the intervention and comparison aspects and the outcomes that arise. Each study's intervention and comparison groups can be compared to those in the PICOT question. Butt et al. (2021) highlight differing responses on body image concerns from pre-and post-bariatric surgery patients. In their article, Butt et al. (2021) answer the question by highlighting the importance of pre-and post- bariatric support ...