Comparative Analysis Between the Use of the CVC Bundles and the Standard Interventions

Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections
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Literature review on the effect of using CVC bundles compared to standard interventions on the CLABSI rates
Literature review is the part of the research that offers the basic overview of the information that is available on the topic in question. For the readers, the literature review of any topic is an informative piece that helps gain insightful information on the topic without having to conduct the research themselves. As such literature reviews have to be very thorough on the information that they provide on the topic to make sure that they cover all the aspects that have been covered in any of the recent and past research papers. They much offer the baseline on the topic and thereafter over the concluding remarks on the topic and the general relation to the larger study area or field. In this literature review, the element of the effect of using CVC bundles compared to standard interventions on the CLABSI rates is evaluated from a five research papers. The main purpose of the paper is thus to offer the readers insightful information on the comparative analysis between the use of the CVC bundles and the standard interventions. In the past the standard central venous catheter has been found to be the leading cause of blood stream infection and the CVC bundles are designed to reduce the catheter related bloodstream infections (Jeong, Park, Lee, Song, & Lee, 2013).
History
The central venous catheter has been the primary method that has been used for quite some time on the administration of drugs and supply infused solutions in the blood through the veins. Due to the fact that method involves breaking the skin using the catheter, this damage has in quite a number of cases been involved in the infection of the bloodstream (Jeong, Park, Lee, Song, & Lee, 2013). Catheter related bloodstream infections increases the number of days that the patient stay in hospital by nearly 12 days and increases the cost associated with the prolonged stay by an average of $18, 432 dollars (Jeong, Park, Lee, Song, & Lee, 2013). As such, the standard catheter insertion has been found to cause infection to the blood through the broken skin at the point of insertion (Jeong, Park, Lee, Song, & Lee, 2013).
Current evidence
Quoting the CDC, Brachinea, Peterlinib, Pedreira indicated in their research that there is an estimated 15 million catheter insertions that are performed in American on a daily (Brachine, Peterlini & Pedreira, 2012). This is a very huge number that is also indicative of the fact that catheters are an essential device in application for quite a number of therapeutic, from the application of fluids, parenteral nutrition, hemodynamic monitoring, blood derivatives and medicine. Given the high number of patients that have central lines administered to them, the rate of infection is quite high and there is need to look into the best intervention that can be used to reduce the rate of infection related to the same. Although there are quite a number of advantages that are associated with the use of the catheters since their invention, there are also dangers associated with the insertion procedure. As Jeong, Park, Lee, Song and Lee, stated in their research, catheters are involved in the blood stream infection. Largely the infections are associated with the fact that, the skin at the point of insertion gets broken and infectious material get access into the blood stream. The major infectious material include cutaneous microbiota among other microorganisms that contaminate the catheter insertion sites, contaminated IV solutions and staffs with contaminated hands handling the catheter, solutions of the sites of insertion (Jeong, Park, Lee, Song, & Lee, 2013). These type of infection have also been found to affect that the patients' outcome as they tend to extend the number of days that a patient spends in the hospital over and above the expected time. The infections in the bloodstream caused by the catheters, can lead to an additional 12 days and associated costs in the region of $18,432 (Jeong, Park, Lee, Song, & Lee, 2013). Ideally, when a patient is infected, this means that their health condition worsens that it would have been previously without the infection. As such, over and above whatever they are suffering from, patients now have to battle the blood infection. For the medical teams, it is also crucial that they handle the new infection in time before it develops into a full blown complication. Relative to the fact that, the patient has to be treated for the additional blood complication, this means that they have to stay longer in hospital. At the same time, relative to the fact that the patients overstays in the hospital, this also means that they have to pay more for their health care over and above what they would have paid without the additions complications and stay. As such the catheter related bloodstream infections do not only affect the patient outcomes but also the medical costs.
As Hung-Jen Tang, Hsin-Lan Lin, Yu-Hsiu Lin, Pak-On Leung, Yin-Ching Chuang and Chih-Cheng Lai, there are inteventions that have been developed to try and bring the infection down, improve the patient outcome and reduce the cost health care (Tang, Lin, Lin, Leung, Chuang & Lai, 2014). One of the winning intervention was developed by the CDC is a set of guidelines that is more effective than the standard intervention. The central line insertion bundles are the interventions that were designed by the CDC to guide the medical staff on how best they can reduce the incidence of the catheter infection. These are guidelines that scientifically developed and evaluated with proof of guaranteed results (Tang, Lin, Lin, Leung, Chuang & Lai, 2014). As such, they can be said to be evidence based guidelines for quality practices during catheters administration. The procedures were issued in collaboration with the Institution for Healthcare Improvement which are five in number. The strategic procedures include the meticulous hand hygiene by the medical staff, maximally using barrier precautions during insertions, using chlorhexidine skin antisepsis, daily checkup and removal of the unnecessary lines as well as optimized catheter site selection. This is a procedure as cited by Karen Guerin, Julia Wagner, Keith Rains, and Mary Bessesen, that has been found to have significant reduction in the rate of infection to the bloodstream attributable to the catheter administration (Guerin, Wagner, Rains & Bessesen, 2010).
Conclusion
The standard method of inserting the catheter has some very intrinsic advantages associated with the ease of introducing certain solution to the body in the fastest way possible. Using the CL bundles it is now possible to make sure that the patients do not at any one time develop infections in the bloodstream relative to the insertion of the catheters (Blot, Bergs. Vogelaers, Blot, Vandijck, 2014).
References
Jeong, I., Park, S., Lee, J., Song, J., & Lee, S. (2013). Effect of central line bundle on central line-associated bloodstream infections in intensive care units. American Journal Of Infection Control, 41(8), 710-71...