Benefits of Vegetarian Diet
TOPIC: Design a study to examine the ‘benefits’ of vegetarianism on health. ***PLEASE READ INSTRUCTION SHEET ATTACHED*** ***PLEASE USE QUOTATION MARK WHERE NECESSARY*** ***PLEASE USE PSYCHINFO FOR REFERENCE ONLY*** please contact me if you have any questions
Psychological Research Laboratory Assignment 1—Research Proposal
The assignment consists of a five-page research proposal. You may choose from among a list of topics proposed by the instructor, but are encouraged to select your own topic. Pick something that is of interest to you! Although one of the main purposes of the assignment is to give you an opportunity to write your first paper, it is also meant to excite you about the possibilities of research in the field.
Components of the Assignment:
The proposal requires:
- a title page
- abstract (goes on separate page after title page and before introduction)
- introduction section
- methods section
- reference section (APA style—see handout and Appendix A of your text
- ‘Psych info search results’ (please print out one sample search page (screen shot) from psych info or scholar's portal showing the articles that you found; and, then print out the abstracts of all the journal articles you include within your research proposal (print from psych info or other search index. You do not need to attach the whole articles)
- Note: the title page, abstract, and references do not count towards the five page limit). Since you will not actually be conducting the experiment, you do NOT need to have a results or a discussion section. However, you will be required to submit your search results (on your selected topic only) from Psych Info.: print your search results, including abstracts, and attach to your paper.
Body of the Assignment
For the body of the assignment, please see instructions below and term paper marking rubric.
You should also refer to and follow the requirements outlined in Appendix A of your text for each specific section. See also http://owl(dot)english(dot)purdue(dot)edu/owl/resource/560/01/ for additional information on APA style.
Abstract. Requires a brief overview of the research proposal that does not exceed 150 words. Write this after you have finished the proposal, making sure to include a summary of your introduction, methods section, and predicted results. Your abstract should be similar in scope to those you read in Psych Info.
Introduction. The introduction details the problem under study, and includes a literature review (broad to specific overview of past studies RELEVANT to your current question), description of the research strategy, and hypothesis. The literature review should not simply be a summary of one study after another. Rather, it should flow from start to finish, and articulate an argument as to why your particular hypothesis is logical and plausible, based on the available literature. You should attempt to place your reader inside your head, describing why you decided to conduct the study (i.e. to further knowledge or address a controversy in the literature—give details and examples from the studies you read). The literature review should include at least six references, five of which have to be peer reviewed empirical journal articles.
Methods. Include enough detail in your methods section such that someone could pick up your report and actually go out and conduct your study (see the marking rubric for suggested section breakdown). Make sure that you address ethical concerns and procedures such as informed consent. Include information about your materials (questionnaires, standardized measures, etc), participants (e.g. recruiting process, demographics, sampling), and procedures (detailed steps). If you are using standardized measures, be sure to acknowledge the source of the measure (seminal paper that showed the test or measure to be reliable and valid). If you are making up your own questionnaire or interview questions, you need to develop the questions as part of the assignment. Attach the questionnaire to your paper in an appendix (doesn’t count in the five page limit), and refer to the document in your methods section (e.g. ‘see appendix A for sample questionnaire)
Format/APA Style
The format of the assignment should conform to APA style (double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 pt font, 1 inch margins). See appendix A of your text and posted information on APA style (the OWL Purdue webpage is an excellent resource)
Marking Scheme
A very detailed marking scheme has been posted to assist you in writing your paper, and to supplement the information provided in class and in the text. Pay particular attention to the components required for the abstract, introduction and methods sections (in addition to what is written above). For example, your introduction should only contain information relevant to your specific area of research, arranged in the form of an argument. Thus, you must integrate your own ideas and critical thought into this section. Do not simply state fact after fact, without a structure. If you are at all unsure, please contact UTSC Teaching/Learning Services—they will be happy to assist you with either writing or research skills (http://tls(dot)utsc(dot)utoronto(dot)ca/students). You may also come to my office hours or e-mail me.
Getting Started
To begin, I suggest that you review Kate Johnson’s lecture on library research strategies and explore some possible topics. (See also the document titled, “Getting Started”, posted on Blackboard.) You will then need to choose a more specific area of interest in order to formulate a research question. If you already have an idea, use that as your starting point. Search for existing studies around your question, and expand on one of them, or create your own process. You must, however, acknowledge all sources of your ideas (i.e. reference in text) and explain why you are proposing a particular study in the context of your introduction (how is your study expanding upon or adding to the literature that is already published). PLEASE DO NOT PRESENT A PROPOSAL THAT IS EXACTLY THE SAME AS A PUBLISHED STUDY THAT YOU HAVE READ—YOU NEED TO MAKE IT YOUR OWN IN SOME WAY. It is perfectly okay to get methodological ideas from the studies that you read, but you must acknowledge all sources of information (including those used in the literature review of your introduction). Please refer to your text (Appendix A) and to the UTSC Learning Resources website on ‘How Not to Plagiarize” http://tls(dot)utsc(dot)utoronto(dot)ca/instruction/plagiarism.htm
Good luck on the assignment!! It is due on NOVEMBER 28TH in class. You must turn in a hard copy during class time, and also submit one copy via Turn-it-in (a link will be posted on Blackboard for assignment submissions). E-mail assignments will not be accepted. Unless prior arrangements are made, late papers will lose 4% per day.
Proposal onHealth Benefits of Vegetarian Diet in Toronto Canada
Name:
Institution:
Abstract
The vegetarian diets have been around for a very long time and most of the records that exists, point that the practices started in the Indian and Greece territories. Back then the forces behind the practices included the fact that some of the poorer populations could not afford meat in the diets, otherwise, there was also the aspect of the philosophers and the religious leaders and followers (HYPERLINK "http://search.proquest.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/indexinglinkhandler/sng/au/MacDonald,+Helen/$N?accountid=14771" \o "Click to search for more items by this author"Helen, 1989). At the time, those that voluntarily sought to may a firm stand against the animal products, did so with the idea of protecting animals from mutilation. Overtime the practice has gained a following, with much focus on the fact that the practice has a lot of health benefits to offer (Kathmandu, 2012). This proposal is in line of assessing the beneficial health aspect of the vegan lifestyle in Toronto, Canada. A total of four hundred participants will be selected at random, against age, gender, occupation and the diet system. The participants will then be taken through physical and medical tests as well fill in a questionnaire. The results will then be analysed using the computer program, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.
Hypothesis
Vegetarian dietary practices have more health benefits than the animal products containing diets in Toronto, Canada.
Introduction
Vegetarianism has been around for quite a long time and most of the records indicate that it could have gained its roots and initiation within the ancient Greece and India. Majority of the people that practiced the idea believed that it is violent to kill animals for food or any other purpose. Mostly the religious persons and the philosophers from the fourth century were the common ones. Since then, there has been rising interest in the practice, and within the 19thand the 20th centuries, there has been a lot of emphasis on the health benefits that could be derived from the practice. Most of the other practises such as Fruitarianism and Breathairinismhave come and gone without a trace (HYPERLINK "http://search.proquest.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/indexinglinkhandler/sng/au/MacDonald,+Helen/$N?accountid=14771" \o "Click to search for more items by this author"Helen, 1989).
As of today there are a myriad of health benefits that have been found to accrue to the vegetarians as opposed to the rest of the public that enjoys the animals products. Majority of the research that has come before this one indicate that in the past most the people that practised vegetarianism, did so due to the fact that there was no meat or that they had religious or philosophical reasons to do so. However, of late there has been evidence that the practice has health benefits, if the diets are well planned.
Strong evidence exist form the research that concentrated on the health benefits of the practice indicating that, vegetarians have less likely chance of developing chronic diseases. Due to the high fibre content chances of developing constipation are very low. Due to the high intake of potassium in their diet, the vegetarians are also not likely to develop hypertension. Most of the vegetarians have very well controlled food intake with low fat, regular exercise and generally healthier life styles meaning that their chances of developing obesity, coronary artery disease and breast cancer are also very low.
In Canada, the population that practices vegetarianism is less that 4% of the adult population, but in the recent past it has been rising at a slow pace.Majorityof the people are completely oblivious of the health benefits that could be accrued from practising vegetarianism. It could be due to the fact that the practice is riddled with lots of misconceptions (Kathmandu, 2012).
One of the misconceptions that surround the vegetarian diet indicates that it can lead to poor nutrition due to lack of the essential nutrients are false. The reason for the poor nutrients balance is attributed to the fact that most of the people start the practice without properly planned diets which are as dangerous as the other normal diets of meat-eaters when poorly planned. As such, much like with the normal diets the knowledge of the balanced diets is very crucial to the success of the vegetarian practice.
Depending on the body weight, age and the level of the physical activity, different persons will have differing needs and requirement for proteins in their diets. Persons that are approximately 150 pounds, require proteins in the tune of 55 grams on a daily basis, while those that are around 200 pounds require about 75 grams of proteins on the daily basis. These are requirement that the vegetarians need to meet not necessarily from the meat but from the plant proteins sources such as legumes (HYPERLINK "http://search.proquest.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/pubidlinkhandler/sng/pubtitle/The+Frontenac+Gazette+EMC/$N/52089/DocView/1039582882/fulltext/$B/1?accountid=14771" \o "Click to search for more items from this journal"The Frontenac Gazette, 2012).
The less wealthy of the populations are some of the people that are seen to take less animal products, but not because they understand or have taken the stand, but it is due to the fact that they cannot afford to have meat in their daily diets. A significant minority, however exists, one that understands the benefits and is not driven by the social economic status to practise.
The Oxford Vegetarian Study and Guidelines,released in 2010 by the US Department of Agriculture and that of Health and Human Services, indicated that the vegetarian have better health outcomes than the meat-eaters. Majority of the vegetarians, according to the departments’ reports, have better chance against common chronic diseases such as the cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, obesity as well as lower rates of mortality. One of the researches on the topic has also tried to draw a parallel between intelligence and the diet. In the findings, the research points out that the highly intelligent children at th...
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