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Correlation and Causation: Third Factor and Directionality Problem
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Discussion Assignment #13
1. Explain what the following statement means: “Correlation not causation”. In other words, why can't you prove causation with correlational studies?
2. What is the “third factor” problem concerning correlational studies as it relates to inferring causation?
3. What is the “directionality” problem concerning correlational studies as it relates to inferring causation?
4. Design a question for the final exam (either True/False or Multiple Choice) and give the correct answer for your question.
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Discussion Assignment #13
1. Explain what the following statement means: “Correlation not causation”. In other words, why can't you prove causation with correlational studies?
Correlation not causation" means that you cannot assume that a causal relationship exists between two variables just because they are correlated. Correlation only indicates that a relationship exists between two variables; it does not indicate what kind of relationship exists.
2. What is the “third factor” problem concerning correlational studies as it relates to inferring causation?
The "third factor" problem is that a third variable may be responsible for the relationship between the two variables, rather than the two variables themselves. In this situation, it would be incorrect to infer a causal relationship between the first two variables from the data. For example, let's say that we observe a positive correlation between the amount of time spent studyin...
1. Explain what the following statement means: “Correlation not causation”. In other words, why can't you prove causation with correlational studies?
Correlation not causation" means that you cannot assume that a causal relationship exists between two variables just because they are correlated. Correlation only indicates that a relationship exists between two variables; it does not indicate what kind of relationship exists.
2. What is the “third factor” problem concerning correlational studies as it relates to inferring causation?
The "third factor" problem is that a third variable may be responsible for the relationship between the two variables, rather than the two variables themselves. In this situation, it would be incorrect to infer a causal relationship between the first two variables from the data. For example, let's say that we observe a positive correlation between the amount of time spent studyin...
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