Modern World History: The Congress of Vienna, Communal Society

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Modern World History
1 The Congress of Vienna, its primary results and significance.
The Congress of Vienna was an assembly reorganized in Europe in 1815-15 after the Napoleonic Wars. The treaty was initiated with the primary intention to establish the necessary balance of power in securing Europe and to encourage some of the conservative regimes that were bound to renounce their democratic ideals from the French Revolution (Carver, 2013). On the other hand, the treaty was initiated to contain France within its borders and to learn on some of the modalities of cooperating in a bid to achieve long-term peace.
The results of this Congress saw the French regime return the territories that were gained by Napoleon between 1795-1810. On the other hand, the treaty saw Russia receive Sovereignty and extend its power over Finland and Poland. In addition to this, Prussia also lost its claims that were laid on Poland, an aspect that saw the state extend its territory to the West (Carver, 2013). It is important to note that Congress was established to ensure that there were no other dictatorships such as that of Napoleon is established in Europe and to ensure that peace is maintained in a bid to ensure coexistence between different nations.
2 Marx’ Five Stages of History
Marx’s ideologies about the society are considered as the theories of historical materialism. In this case, it is essential to detail that materialism remains the basis of Marx’s sociological thoughts since Marx’s economic factors and material conditions affected the development and structure of the society. According to Marx’s theory, material conditions are comprised of technological components in production and the formation of the human society by the relations and forces of production (Carver, 2013). The principles are referred to as Materialistic since Marx interpreted the evolution of societies in consideration of the economic and material biases. The five stages of development include:
Capitalism:
According to the Marxist theory, the element of capitalism is related to the exploitation of workers by the capitalist (bourgeoisie) with the resulting struggles in classes (Carver, 2013). In this case, the production systems during this period were primarily characterized by private owners with the prevalence of commodity productions within the market.
Primitive Communal Society
In this theory, Marx elaborates on the tribal societies that resulted before the development of civilization (Carver, 2013). Given this, the aspect of technology that details the forces of production is considered as primitive since people produce what is enough for their survival. In consideration of this, the society needs to work with no surplus product appropriated by individuals.
Slavery:
The aspect of new technologies has resulted in increased productivity. As a result of this, slaves are limited in producing more than is required for their survival, with this surplus production appropriated by the masters of slaves, an aspect that results in the emergence of private ownership that splits the society into classes of the exploited and exploiters (Carver, 2013).
Feudalism:
Feudalism, as detailed in this theory, remains higher than slavery, an aspect that has seen new scientific and technological discoveries requiring free workers within the society to be employed in the process of large-scale production (Carver, 2013). However, Bourgeois revolutionists such as the American and French revolutionists destroyed feudalism, with the liberate serfs preparing the grounds for new structures within the society.
Communism:
This aspect emerged from the destruction of capitalism, thus resulting in a classless society. The issue of communism, therefore, removed the elements of inequalities in income and exploitation distribution, thus unleashing the fetters through which the capitalist relations in production shackled the process of production.
3 How The Vietnam War Finally Ended
It is important to establish that the war between the Communist and the South Vietnamese continued even upon the signing of a peace agreement, an aspect that saw the North Vietnamese launch an aggressive act in 1975. This saw the Southern Vietnamese request for support and aid from the U.S. Congress, an issue that was denied (Carver, 2013). Vietnam abandoned the Northern part of this country, with half of the country left to the Communist, thus resulting in a panic. Later on, the resistance of the South Vietnamese collapsed, with the North Vietnamese troops taking the opportunity to march into Saigon in 1975. Vietnam was then reunified in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh renamed after Saigon.
4 Two wars from the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
The Arab- Israel wars are a list of military conflicts between various Arab forces and Israel. The two wars include:
* The 1948 War of “Independence”
The fist war as detailed took place when Israel proclaimed state-hood in 1948, an aspect that saw the Arab forces from Transjordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq occupy the eastern and southern ...