The Bangladesh and Rwandan Genocides

THE BANGLADESH AND RWANDAN GENOCIDES
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1 Summary
The 1971 genocide in Bangladesh, which occurred in East Pakistan, and the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, are the specific genocide incidents that have been examined. The Bengalis were the primary target of the 8-month-long genocide in Bangladesh. The event took the form of mass murder, rape, deportations, and ethnic cleansing. On the other hand, the genocide in Rwanda lasted for about three months, and the majority of the victims were moderate Hutus and the Tutsi population. Mass murder was the method of attack chosen. The two genocide cases' outcomes were scandalous and contemporary, and the impact they created is still apparent today. The genocidal war in Bangladesh had long-lasting effects on the nation's politics, society, and economy. For instance, it altered South Asia's geopolitical landscape and elevated Bangladesh to the seventh-most populated country in the world. Besides, the genocide in Rwanda caused many survivors to experience long-term psychological issues.
2. The Situation
i. The Bangladesh Genocide
The Bengali nationalists and the East Pakistani struggle for self-determination provoked a revolution and a war of independence for Bangladesh. The war brought about Bangladesh's independence. The conflict started in 1971 when Yahya Khan's Pakistani military junta, centered in West Pakistan, instituted Operation Searchlight against East Pakistanis (Debnath, 2017). This is what triggered the genocide in Bangladesh. There was a need for a reaction to the carnage that broke out when members of the Nukti Bahini, a guerrilla resistance movement created by the paramilitary, civilian, and military forces of Bengal, started a massive guerilla fight against the Pakistani troops. They liberated several urban areas in the first few months of the battle. Initially, during the monsoon, the Pakistani army recovered its drive despite Bengali guerrilla counterattacks against Pakistani military bases through operation Jackpot. Due to the severity of the conflict, India joined in December 1971, and Pakistan started conducting airstrikes against northern India without warning. These two fronts saw the quick advance of the Indian military and Nukti Bahini's ally forces and the air superiority gained in the Easter theater.
The largest military manpower surrender since World War II occurred on December 16, 1971, when Pakistan submitted. Major military operations and airstrikes occurred in rural and urban parts of East Pakistan, and the Pakistani army developed extremist religious groups with the support of Islamists. The groups were hostile to the local population and the raid. In addition to systematic campaigns of destruction against nationalist Bengali learners, armed personnel, civilian intelligentsia, and religious minorities. Pakistan's military members and their accomplices committed mass murder, genocidal rape, and deportations. They perpetrated multiple massacres in Dhaka, the nation's capital. Additionally, sectarian conflict between Bengalis and Biharis who speak Urdu erupted. While 30 million Bengalis were domestically displaced, some 10 million refugees fled to the neighboring country of India. Between 300,000 and 3 million civilians perished in the conflict. The conflict was a significant turning point in the Cold War tensions between the U.S, USSR, and the People's Republic of China. Bangladesh became the seventh most popular nation in the world, altering the geopolitical landscape of Asia.
The vast majority of UN members recognized Bangladesh as an independent country. The genocide also spurred the world to intervene in the conflict. It displaced more than 30 million people, over 1.5 million homes were destroyed, 3 million people died, and up to 400,000 women were sexually assaulted. These events were too numerous to allow the liberation battle to continue. Millions of people had to start over by rebuilding their lives and homes.
The genocide in Bangladesh is still recent in people's memories. Today, the Bangladeshi government is assisting others in finishing the task of Operation Searchlight. Bangladesh was established to gain independence from India, and many citizens are currently eradicating Bangladesh Hindus under the guise of a pandemic. Bangladesh implemented the COVID-19 lockdown from March 26 through May 30. Additionally, while masks and social distancing were required, the police and administration did little as crowds attacked Hindus. There were 85 documented multi-crime incidences during the 66-day lockdown. Reports of anti-Hindu pogroms, gang rapes, religious sacrilege, and murder have been made. The government of Bangladesh never brought any of these issues to justice. There were even no efforts to save kidnapped children.
ii. The Rwandan Genocide
The genocide in Rwanda, a country in East Africa, was also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, who made up the Hutu ethnic majority. Around 800,000 members of the Tutsi minority were killed during the year 1994 (Uvin, 2001). Hutu nationalists in Rwanda's capital Kigali founded it. The brutalities expanded at a startling rate, and local leaders and Hutu power regimes encouraged common people to use force against their neighbors. Hundreds of thousands of Rwandans were killed, and 2 million Hutus fled the country. They described the situation as a full-fledged humanitarian disaster when the Tutsi-led Rwandese were in a position to take control of the nation through a military offensive. More than 330,000 Hutsi were forced to depart their homeland as a result of a Hutu revolt, further decreasing their population. Belgium recognized Rwanda's independence in 1962 when the Hutu forced Rwanda's Tutsi kings into exile and proclaimed the nation a republic.
Numerous incidents of racially driven violence persisted in the nation, and in 1973, a military force was put in place. Only Tutsi refugees from Uganda made up the Rwandese Patriot Front fighters that invaded Rwanda in 1990. Juvenal Habyarimana, major general, detained hundreds of Tutsi people after accusing them of being Rwandese patriot front groups. Government authorities instigated Tutsi atrocities between 1990 and 1993, resulting in hundreds of people losing their lives. In 1992, there was a cessation of hostilities, paving the way for talks between the government and the Rwandese Patriotic Front. Arusha's power-sharing deal, which called for Juvenal t...