Report paper

This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin™. Instructions Assignment 4.1 Objective: Understand and explain the principles of the quantitative and qualitative research process, and how it could be effectively used in program evaluation Program Outcome: Create a community of students committed to serving the public interest. Core Competency: To participate in and contribute to the public policy process. Based on your reading, consider the case below. Chapter 6 provides SSRD discussions; Chapter 9 discusses threats to internal validity, and Chapter 11 discusses reliability issues). Report on the case using guidance from box 6.2, page 187; the report is a single system evaluation study. The report needs to include a line graph that reports the data (you will need to use Excel to construct the line graph). In the accompanying paper, make sure to report on any efforts you would make to improve or check the reliability of the data you obtain. Previous students have suggested this link to help with Excel: Construct Time series graph using Excel https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=W56_YiX6OfM When constructing your graph, make sure to label the vertical and horizontal data properly. Evidenced based research to support the report is required. Reports, citations, and references should be in APA format. Graphs or charts are added to the report and titled properly. Consult the APA manual or use https://owl(dot)english(dot)purdue(dot)edu/owl/resource/560/01/ as help in creating your report. You should only submit one paper with the report and graphs properly included. National Speed Limit Case Analysis In 1974, the United States instituted a national speed limit of 55 miles per hour (mph), a move that generated a great deal of controversy. Proponents of the lower speed limit managed to avoid repeal of this national speed limit for over two decades by effectively arguing that driving at 55 mph significantly reduced the number of traffic fatalities on U.S. highways. The argument was based on the fact that the total number of traffic fatalities dropped from 55,511 in 1973 to only 46,402 in 1974. People have questioned the validity of this argument that the reduction in fatalities was due to the institution of the 55 mph speed limit. You will also be include looking at the impact of the 55mph speed limit repeal in 1996 (although it took several years for the repeal to be implemented nation-wide). There is more information available on this as shown below. Since the change to a 55 mph speed limit occurred a number of years ago, you can use archival data in your study. The U. S. government routinely makes available a wide variety of data on the U.S. population. Most public and private libraries either own or would be able to get the national or state statistics you need. Table 1: Annual Traffic Fatalities on U.S. Highways Year Number of fatalities 1966 53,041 1967 52,924 1968 55,200 1969 55,791 1970 54,633 1971 52,660 1972 56,278 1973 55,511 1974 46,402 1975 45,853 1976 47,038 1977 49,510 1978 50,226 Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics of the United States, annual. Tables 2-4 (removal of the intervention)--We also have data to assess fatalities after removal of the intervention! Year (Column 1); Fatal Crashes (Column 2); Fatalities per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled (Column 3); Fatalities per 100,000 Population (Column 4) Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 1994 34,439 1.18 11.59 1995 32,539 1.15 11.06 1996 30,056 1.08 10.28 1997 30,202 1.1 10.4 1998 31,006 1.14 10.76 1999 29,867 1.1 10.42 2000 30,296 1.11 10.67 2001 30,862 1.15 11.05 2002 34,172 1.26 12.31 2003 37,435 1.36 13.7 2004 38,648 1.42 14.31 2005 39,252 1.46 14.72 2006 38,444 1.44 14.63 2007 38,477 1.48 14.78 2008 38,491 1.51 14.95 2009 37,862 1.51 14.81 2010 37,526 1.53 14.87 2011 37,140 1.55 15.3 2012 37,107 1.58 15.36 2013 37,324 1.65 15.69 2014 37,494 1.69 15.86 2015 37,241 1.73 15.91 2016 36,254 1.7 15.64 Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Federal Analysis Reporting System *FARS) Encyclopedia Your professional report should include: 1. Background on the setting and goals of the intervention and the removal of the intervention. 2. The purpose of the evaluation. 3. Describe the type of single system design used including the intervention. 4. Compare and contrast the outcomes in columns 2-4. Why use three outcome measures? 5. Analyze the inferences from the data. What is one important conclusion that can be safely made given the data? What is one important conclusion that cannot be made based on the data? 6. What is the most significant threat to internal validity? Does the threat to internal validity change the conclusions we reach based on the empirical results?