Is Racial Profiling a Defensible Public Policy
Touchstone 4: Revise an Argumentative Research Essay
ASSIGNMENT: Review the in-text comments and summary feedback you received on your Touchstone 3.2 draft to enhance your writing. You will then submit a revision of your Touchstone 3.2 draft that reflects the evaluator's feedback. Make sure to include a copy of your Touchstone 3.2 draft below the reflection questions for this unit.
As this assignment builds on Touchstone 3.2: Draft an Argumentative Research Essay, that Touchstone must be graded before you can submit your final research essay.
Sample Touchstone 4
In order to foster learning and growth, all essays you submit must be newly written specifically for this course. Any recycled work will be sent back with a 0, and you will be given one attempt to redo the Touchstone.
A. Final Draft Guidelines
DIRECTIONS: Refer to the list below throughout the writing process. Do not submit your Touchstone until it meets these guidelines.
1. Editing and Revising
❒ Have you significantly revised the essay by adjusting areas like organization, focus, and clarity?
❒ Have you made comprehensive edits to word choice, sentence variety, and style?
❒ Have your edits and revisions addressed the feedback provided by your evaluator?
2. Cohesion and Source Integration
❒ Is the information presented in a logical order that is easy for the reader to follow?
❒ Have you included smooth transitions between sentences and paragraphs?
❒ Have you introduced your sources clearly and in a way that demonstrates their validity to the reader?
3. Conventions and Proofreading
❒ Have you double-checked for correct formatting, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization?
❒ Have you ensured that any quoted material is represented accurately?
4. Reflection
❒ Have you displayed a clear understanding of the revision process?
❒ Have you answered all reflection questions thoughtfully and included insights, observations, and/or examples in all responses?
❒ Are your answers included on a separate page below the composition?
B. Reflection Questions
DIRECTIONS: Below your assignment, include answers to all of the following reflection questions.
How much time did you spend revising your draft? What revision strategies did you use and which worked best for you? (2-3 sentences)
List three concrete revisions that you made and explain how you made them. What problem did you fix with each of these revisions? Issues may be unity, cohesion, rhetorical appeals, content, or any other areas on which you received constructive feedback. (4-5 sentences)
What did you learn about your writing process or yourself as a writer? How has your understanding of the research process changed as a result of taking this course? (2-3 sentences)
C. Rubric
Advanced (100%) Proficient (85%) Acceptable (75%) Needs Improvement (50%) Non-Performance (0%)
Revising (40 points)
Demonstrate comprehensive “re-visioning” of the composition.
There is evidence of comprehensive re-visioning of the draft composition, including adjustments to organization, focus, clarity, and/or unity where needed or appropriate. There is evidence of significant re-visioning of the draft composition, including adjustments to organization, focus, clarity, and/or unity where needed or appropriate. There is evidence of some re-visioning of the draft composition, including adjustments to organization, focus, clarity, and/or unity where needed or appropriate; however, a few areas need some additional revision. There is little evidence of re-visioning of the draft composition, such that multiple areas in need of changes were unaltered. Revisions are absent or did not address the issues in the essay.
Editing (40 points)
Demonstrate comprehensive sentence-level edits throughout the composition.
There is evidence of comprehensive edits to the draft composition, including adjustments to word choice, sentence completeness, sentence variety, and/or style where needed or appropriate. There is evidence of substantial edits to the draft composition, including adjustments to word choice, sentence completeness, sentence variety, and/or style where needed or appropriate. There is evidence of some edits to the draft composition, including adjustments to word choice, sentence completeness, sentence variety, and/or style where needed/appropriate; however, some issues were overlooked. There is little evidence of edits made to the draft composition, such that many errors remain. Edits are absent or did not address the issues in the essay.
Source Integration (20 points)
Integrate source material appropriately and effectively.
Introduces sources smoothly and effectively through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Primarily introduces sources effectively through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. Introduces some sources effectively through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary, but more variety could be used. Relies too heavily on one method of source integration (direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary); does not thoughtfully apply source integration techniques. Shows no attempt to integrate source material into the composition or relies on quoted source material for over half of the composition.
Cohesion (20 points)
Establish and maintain a logical flow.
Sequences ideas and paragraphs logically and uses smooth transitions (within and between paragraphs) such that the reader can easily follow the progression of ideas. Sequences ideas and paragraphs logically and uses transitions (within and between paragraphs) such that the reader can easily follow the progression of ideas. Primarily sequences ideas and paragraphs logically and uses sufficient transitions (within and between paragraphs) such that the reader can generally follow the progression of ideas. The progression of ideas is often difficult to follow, due to poor sequencing, ineffective transitions, and/or insufficient transitions. The progression of ideas is consistently difficult to follow, due to poor sequencing and lack of transitions.
Conventions and Proofreading (20 points)
Demonstrate command of standard English grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage.
There are few, if any, negligible errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage. There are occasional minor errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage. There are some significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage. There are frequent significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage. There are consistent significant errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, formatting, and usage.
Reflection (10 points)
Answer reflection questions thoroughly and thoughtfully.
Demonstrates thoughtful reflection; consistently includes insights, observations, and/or examples in all responses, following or exceeding response length guidelines. Demonstrates thoughtful reflection; includes multiple insights, observations, and/or examples, following response length guidelines. Primarily demonstrates thoughtful reflection, but some responses are lacking in detail or insight; primarily follows response length guidelines. Shows limited reflection; the majority of responses are lacking in detail or insight, with some questions left unanswered or falling short of response length guidelines. No reflection responses are present.
D. Requirements
The following requirements must be met for your submission to be graded:
Composition must be 6-8 pages (approximately 1500-2000 words, not including your references or reflection question responses).
Double-space the composition and use one-inch margins.
Use a readable 12-point font.
All writing must be appropriate for an academic context.
Composition must be original and written for this assignment.
Plagiarism of any kind is strictly prohibited.
Submission must include your name, the name of the course, the date, and the title of your composition.
Submission must include your graded Touchstone 3 assignment.
Include all of the assignment components in a single file.
Acceptable file formats include .doc and .docx.
E. Additional Resources
The following resources will be helpful to you as you work on this assignment:
Purdue Online Writing Lab's APA Formatting and Style Guide
This site includes a comprehensive overview of APA style, as well as individual pages with guidelines for specific citation types.
Frequently Asked Questions About APA Style
This page on the official APA website addresses common questions related to APA formatting. The "References," "Punctuation," and "Grammar and Writing Style" sections will be the most useful to your work in this course.
APA Style: Quick Answers—References
This page on the official APA Style website provides numerous examples of reference list formatting for various source types.
Touchstone 3.2 FEEDBACK for touchstone 4 revision essay:
SCORE: 78/100
FEEDBACK:
The basic idea here is very strong. But, you've conflated the execution of justice (filled to the brim with racism and getting worse) with what the letter of the law actually says. The words 'public policy' mean not how justice is executed but how it is written and its intent. The racism gets added when humans step into the roles.
For TS 4, consider something like "The Justice Department should immediately and aggressively crack down in its civil rights division on racial profiling rampant in American policing b/c (list your good reasons as evidence)." Keep in mind the reason the CRD exists is b/c there's a difference between the law and its enforcement. CRD exists to make enforcers comply with public policy. Ipso facto, racial profiling is not policy but an unfortunate and correctable offshoot of it.
As to the counter, I could be wrong but the term and its meaning are so so distasteful I doubt someone would actually make an academic argument for it. That said, if he/she does, the counter is ... interesting. You still need to remove 'public policy' though b/c Harris may be arguing that racial profiling is good practice. Ugh. But, hey.
Finally, and critically, you're two short of the required seven minimum credible sources.
All this is easily fixed and I am confident the essay revised will score very well with these changes.
Is Racial Profiling a defensible public policy
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Is Racial Profiling a defensible public policy
Racial profiling is one of the common issues affecting minority groups in the US. It occurs in different sectors, such as the justice system and policing. People from minority groups are two times more likely to face racial profiling than those from the dominant groups (Coleman & Kocher, 2019). There have been heated debates about whether the issue is a defensible public policy due to how the responsible parties exercise the written law. While some argue against racial profiling, others support it based on statistics and its ability to deter crime. The Justice Department should crack down on the civil rights department regarding racial profiling policing because the issue causes false imprisonments, facilitates racial discrimination, affects immigration, causes a diminished sense of citizenship, and compromises trust in organizations.
One of the main reasons why the civil rights department should crack down the policing regarding racial profiling is that it causes false imprisonment. Most racial profiling cases involving the police happen based on ethnic origins. The police stop and search individuals because of their ethnicity instead of having a probable course of searching them. Research shows that the search results in false imprisonments whereby the police could say the victim had drugs in the car or was caught committing crimes (Dizon, 2021). This factor is evidenced by the unfairness in the justice system, especially in the courts. People of color or from minority groups are more likely to get a jail term for a crime they did not commit than people from the dominant groups. Such occurs due to the high level of stereotyping, which presents people from minority groups as more prone to commit crimes than whites (Dizon, 2021). Racial profiling also facilitates false imprisonment by violating the fourth and fifth amendments. These amendments protect people's rights to privacy and due court processes. Therefore, the acts of racial profiling undermine their effectiveness.
Racial profiling facilitates racial discrimination, and therefore, its policing needs a lot of attention to ensure it eliminates such issues. The definition of racial profiling depicts that it occurs in people of color or minority groups. It involves various discriminatory acts against these groups, thus denying them a chance to enjoy equal rights as the dominant groups. It is illegal for law enforcement to stop or search an individual based on their skin color (Coleman & Kocher, 2019). The law requires the enforcers to have a probable course before stopping and searching someone. However, cases have been reported whereby minority groups get searched due to their skin color. In turn, this shows the level of discrimination that these people face due to racial profiling. Statistics indicate a high number of cases filed against law enforcement officers due to the issue of racial profiling. The cases indicate excessive force when arresting people from minority groups. Other cases show that these individuals were arrested, stopped, or searched for no apparent reason other than their skin color (Coleman & Kocher, 2019). Hence, this indicates the discrimination that racial profiling causes in society. African American neighborhoods are also common grounds for unlawful police searches and the use of excessive force during arrests. Recording from witnesses proves the issue of racial profiling in these neighborhoods is a common problem yet to be addressed. The fact that it keeps happening means that racial profiling policing is not given the necessary attention.
Racial profiling also hurts the immigration sector, thus making it one of the major policies that the civil rights department should crack down on. Racial profiling is discrimination that mostly affects people from minority groups, creating fear for immigrants (Hendren et al., 2018). The immigrants no longer wish to move to countries where racial profiling is common out of fear of becoming victims. Immigration positively contributes to a country's economy because it provides labor and contributes to economic growth by purchasing goods (Dizon, 2021). Therefore, racial profiling prevents many people from moving into the country and offering such benefits. Although this might have a small impact on the economy, the absence of racial profiling would have promoted economic growth. Racial profiling is a common case among immigrants. When such cases occur, some get media attention while others do not. The cases that catch the media's attention negatively impact international relations. The relations, in turn, have a major impact on many sectors, such as the economy and political coordination. Racial profiling at the borders also has strained immigration (Dizon, 2021). In some cases, it harms innocent people and creates fear among those willing to migrate to other countries. For instance, excessive false arrests or false arrests affect innocent people.
Racial profiling causes a diminished sense of citizenship due to the negative aspects experienced by minority groups. People who belong to a particular country expect to enjoy equal rights regardless of their racial origin. However, this is not the because racial profiling undermines the ability of minority groups to enjoy their rights in their country. An example of how racial profiling reduces the sense of citizenship is the challenges faced by African Americans in the US (Hosein, 2018). These individuals experience police brutality regardless of whether or not they are innocent. The issue of racial profiling traces back to the colonial era. During this period, there was high segregation in various sectors, such as health, housing, and job opportunities. The segregation led to a divisi...
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