Child Abuse: Global Overview, Long Term Effects Of Maltreatment

Child Abuse
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Introduction
All around the world, there are cases of millions of children who are trapped in child abuse. This deprives them of their right to grow as children, without education, and health. In the end, they are condemned to a life of poverty and other forms of human wants. CITATION MAA151 \l 1033 (Abbasi, Saeidi, Khademi, Hoseini, & Moghadam, 2015) It cannot be ignored that there are things that children do to help the families as part of their family chores. But the main issue is that they were people of an upper hand often less off competition. It is a very serious violation and a good team CITATION MOD08 \l 1033 (O'Donnell, Scott, & Stanley, 2008). The following report focuses on the issues of child abuse by looking at various aspects of child maltreatment, the long term effects and how the issue of poverty contributes to high cases of child abuse CITATION SKi17 \l 1033 (Norman, Byambaa, Dee, Butchart, & Scott, 2012). The report will also discuss how depriving the child a right to education is a form of abuse including poor nutrition.
Global overview
According to the recent estimates by UNICEF and ILO and the World Bank, there are about 16 young men and women age 7-10 who are engaged in child labor. Millions of these children also suffer in other worst forms of labor that includes slavery-like practices like forced and bonded labor, child soldiers and slavery, sexual exploitation and using children for other illicit activities that include drug trafficking. Even with the decline in child labor, the development is still very slow. At the most recent rates, more than 100 million children may still be trapped in child labor by 2020 CITATION DMF08 \l 1033 (Fergusson, Boden, & Horwood, 2008). The increasing persistence of child labor also poses a great threat to the national economies of the country and will have a very severe long term and short term negative consequences for the fulfillment of the rights of children as guaranteed by the United Nations convention on children rights. This includes education denial and the frequent exposure to violent acts.
Maltreatment
In the general sense, the maltreatment of children has been found to interrupt the normal process of the child’s emotional development CITATION MAA151 \l 1033 (Abbasi, Saeidi, Khademi, Hoseini, & Moghadam, 2015). According to various studies of maltreating parents, it that they usually show less positive emotions to their children and more negative emotions than the non-abuse parents. Studies also show that maltreating parents are usually very isolated from their children and are away from their interaction with others CITATION SKi17 \l 1033 (Norman, Byambaa, Dee, Butchart, & Scott, 2012). This provides a few non-parental model of emotional communication.
In addition, a child that is inconsistently receiving a harsh caregiving is bound to have difficulty when it comes to predicting consequences of his or her behavior. This in turn will be manifested in deficits when it comes to processing of their emotional information. For example, a maltreated child will often show many difficulties in understanding CITATION MAA151 \l 1033 (Abbasi, Saeidi, Khademi, Hoseini, & Moghadam, 2015). The will not be easy in recognition and unwilling to express emotions. They are often at risk of exhibiting different types of social delays. The lack a lot in empathy and experience a reduction in the engagement of pro-social behavior CITATION MOD08 \l 1033 (O'Donnell, Scott, & Stanley, 2008). This shows in general that lack maltreated children have a challenge in emotion processing, it is however difficult to known whether such deficits persist in to adulthood.
Long term effects of maltreatment
By use of various facial and emotional recognition, Swenson, Schaeffer, Henggeler, Faldowski, & Mayhew (2010) was able to realize that children who undergo cases of physical abuse are usually able to display a lot of anger as compared to other forms of control. According to other studies conducted by use of event, related potential and evidence related to behavior it was found that there is a lot of sensitivity bias to the perceived anger expression from the physically abused children. In addition, this was evident in maltreated children. In line with such findings, it is important to note that in abusive homes, children often learn to associate themselves with anger situations and a threat of harm. Here they become hyperactive vigilant to anger that is around their environment. Yildiz, Er, & Aral, (2016) also adds in these findings that maltreated children often become well prepared in identifying a threatening situation by use of hyperactive vigilance emotions. One example is where these children are often more sensitive to anger toward their abuser and will often be afraid of being around them. This is because sensitivities assist them in identifying a threat much faster and will be enable them avoid any form of abuse CITATION DMF08 \l 1033 (Fergusson, Boden, & Horwood, 2008). This shows that maltreated children often depict additional selective attention to the angry facial expression as shown by their parents. In conclusion, children who have undergone maltreatment are less to show a lack of processing negative emotional pictures nor will they express positivity in any action
How poverty influences child abuse
1 Lack of Education
Literacy is a basic human right, indispensable in realizing other human rights and every government is under an obligation to make it accessible to all its citizens. For education to be available, functioning schools, educational facilities, goods, and services, as well as programs, should be availed in sufficient quantity and quality. It must be accessible, this should be without discrimination, accessibility entails physical accessibility for instance in relation to the disabled; economic accessibility, that is it should be affordable; and information accessibility, this is the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas with regard to education. It must be acceptable, that is, it must be obedient to education ethics and culturally appropriate, that is respectful of the culture of individuals. Lastly, it must be of quality. About a hundred million children of primary school age worldwide were still not enrolled in primary schools as of 2020CITATION SKi17 \l 1033 (Norman, Byambaa, Dee, Butchart, & Scott, 2012). With regard, that education is a human right it should be free and compulsory education.
In the international law the proviso in relation to education, implore states to take measures that seek education for all. The International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, recognizes the right of everyone to education, which entails free compulsory primary education, accessible secondary education and higher education. It is deemed that education makes the child develop fully his personality and sense of dignity according to the Maastricht Guidelines. The state has the obligations to respect protect and fulfill CITATION CCS10 \l 1033 (Swenson, Schaeffer, Henggeler, Faldowski, & Mayhew, 2010). It protects children who cannot be provided for education by parents or whose parents refuse the child to be educated. By providing education to the child, it will have fulfilled this by the provision of policies of free primary education that encourage its provision.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 provides; that education for the child shall be availed, in particular, make primary education compulsory and free and encourage secondary education including vocational or general training. One particular point to note in relation to the international charter is that it provides that girls who become pregnant before completing their education shall have an opportunity to continue their education because of their individual ability.
When a girl gets pregnant in most instances parents react violently and quarrel their daughters bitterly over the situation. In the whole, some girls opt to run away from home or commit suicide. Most of them drop out of school. It’s upon the government to include sex in the syllabus of the school as a subject to inform young teenagers on the dangers of sex and the protection to be used to avoid having babies, who in the long run the mother (girl) is forced to drop out of school. When a girl gets pregnant, it is up to the state to make schools to allow such girls to be back in school. CITATION DMF08 \l 1033 (Fergusson, Boden, & Horwood, 2008).
2 Poor Nutrition
Good nutrition in early childhood is the foundation of health throughout life. The nutrition of children is of such importance that it is one of the key elements of the child's right to health as defined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children have the right of adequate nutrition, which is essential for the attainment of the highest standard of health; women also have the right to decide how to feed their children and to full information and appropriate conditions that support their decisions. Two-thirds of deaths among infants and children occur during the first year of life and are closely associated with malnutrition resulting from poor breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices CITATION MOD08 \l 1033 (O'Donnell, Scott, & Stanley, 2008). This includes malnourished children who survive suffer increased morbidity, impaired development, and reduced school performance. Poor infants and young children feeding practices remain a major public health c...