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Benchmark Nursing Process Approach to care: Cancer

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Benchmark - Nursing Process: Approach to Care



The nursing process is a tool that puts knowledge into practice. By utilizing this systematic problem-solving method, nurses can determine the health care needs of an individual and provide personalized care.



Write a paper (1,750-2,000 words) on cancer and approach to care based on the utilization of the nursing process. Include the following in your paper:



Describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer.

Describe at least three complications of cancer, the side effects of treatment, and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects.

Discuss what factors contribute to the yearly incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in Americans.

Explain how the American Cancer Society (ACS) might provide education and support. What ACS services would you recommend and why?

Explain how the nursing process is utilized to provide safe and effective care for cancer patients across the life span. Your explanation should include each of the five phases and demonstrate the delivery of holistic and patient-focused care.

Discuss how undergraduate education in liberal arts and science studies contributes to the foundation of nursing knowledge and prepares nurses to work with patients utilizing the nursing process. Consider mathematics, social and physical sciences, and science studies as an interdisciplinary research area.

You are required to cite to a minimum of four sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.



Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.



This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.



You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.



Benchmark Information



This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:



RN-BSN



2.1: Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.



3.1 Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the life span.



RUBRIC

Attempt Start Date: 28-Jun-2021 at 12:00:00 AM



Due Date: 04-Jul-2021 at 11:59:59 PM

Maximum Points: 250.0

Site min. 4 resources within 5 years. using .org or .gov sites.

Rubric:



Benchmark - Nursing Process: Approach to Care



The nursing process is a tool that puts knowledge into practice. By utilizing this systematic problem-solving method, nurses can determine the health care needs of an individual and provide personalized care.



Write a paper (1,750-2,000 words) on cancer and approach to care based on the utilization of the nursing process. Include the following in your paper:



Describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer.

Describe at least three complications of cancer, the side effects of treatment, and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects.

Discuss what factors contribute to the yearly incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in Americans.

Explain how the American Cancer Society (ACS) might provide education and support. What ACS services would you recommend and why?

Explain how the nursing process is utilized to provide safe and effective care for cancer patients across the life span. Your explanation should include each of the five phases and demonstrate the delivery of holistic and patient-focused care.

Discuss how undergraduate education in liberal arts and science studies contributes to the foundation of nursing knowledge and prepares nurses to work with patients utilizing the nursing process. Consider mathematics, social and physical sciences, and science studies as an interdisciplinary research area.

You are required to cite to a minimum of four sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.



Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.



This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.



You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.



Benchmark Information



This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:



RN-BSN



2.1: Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge.



3.1 Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the life span.



RUBRIC:

Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points

NRS-410V NRS-410V-IO670 Case Study: Mr. C. 120.0



Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less Than Satisfactory (75.00%) Satisfactory (79.00%) Good (89.00%) Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned

Content 80.0%

Clinical Manifestations of Mr. C. 10.0% Clinical manifestations are omitted. Clinical manifestations are partially presented. There are major omissions and inaccuracies. Clinical manifestations are summarized. An overview of the general symptoms is presented. Some findings are incomplete. Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are described. Overall, the clinical manifestations are accurate and reflect observed and perceived signs and symptoms. Subjective and objective clinical manifestations are detailed. The clinical manifestations are accurate and clearly report the observed and perceived signs and symptoms.



Potential Health Risks for Obesity and Bariatric Surgery 10.0% Potential health risks for obesity and whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention are not discussed. A partial summary on the potential health risks for obesity and whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention is presented. There are major inaccuracies. More information is needed. No evidence or rationale is provided to support discussion. A summary on the potential health risks for obesity and whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention is presented. There are some inaccuracies. More evidence or rationale is needed to support discussion. A discussion on the potential health risks for obesity is presented. A discussion on whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention is presented but needs some evidence or rationale for support. A detailed discussion of the potential health risks for obesity is presented. A through and compelling discussion on whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention is presented. The discussion is well-developed and supported by evidence and additional rationale.



Functional Health Patterns 15.0% Actual or potential problems based on the assessment of functional health patterns of the patient are omitted or are irrelevant for the patient and his condition. The overall criteria for this assignment are not met. At least four actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns are presented. The identified problems are not entirely relevant for the patient and his condition. Rationale or evidence is required for support. At least five actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns are summarized. The identified problems are generally relevant for the patient and his condition. Some rationale and evidence is required for support. Five or more actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns are discussed. The identified problems are relevant for the patient and his condition. Overall, the discussion is supported by rationale and evidence. Some detail is needed for clarity or accuracy. Five or more actual or potential problems identified from the functional health patterns are discussed. The discussion is insightful, and the identified problems are highly relevant for the patient and his condition. The discussion is well-supported by rationale and evidence.



Staging and Contributing Factors of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 10.0% Staging and contributing factors for ESRD are omitted or inaccurate. Staging of ESRD is partially summarized. The contributing factors for ESRD are vague. There are inaccuracies. The staging of ESRD and the contributing factors for ESRD are generally explained. Some information is required; there are minor inaccuracies. The staging of ESRD and the contributing factors for ESRD are explained. Some information or detail is needed for clarity or detail. The staging of ESRD and the contributing factors for ESRD are explained. The information is accurate and reflects contemporary practice and research.



Health Promotion and Prevention for ESRD 20.0% Patient education for the prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is omitted. Patient education for the prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is partially summarized. There are inaccuracies. Some aspects are not relevant for the patient and his health status. Patient education for the prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is generally described. There are minor inaccuracies. Overall, the proposed items are relevant for the patient and his health status. Some evidence and rationale are needed to support the discussion. Patient education for the prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is described. The proposed items are relevant and appropriate for the patient and his health status. Evidence and rationale generally support the discussion. Patient education for the prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status is thoroughly described. The proposed items are clearly presented and highly relevant and supportive of patient and his health status. Strong evidence and rationale generally support the discussion.



Resources for ESRD Patients for Nonacute Care and Multidisciplinary Approach 15.0% Types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the beneficial types of multidisciplinary approaches, are not discussed. An incomplete explanation on the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the beneficial types of multidisciplinary approaches, is presented. There are major inaccuracies. A general explanation on the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the beneficial types of multidisciplinary approaches, is presented. There are minor inaccuracies. Some additional information is required. An explanation on the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the beneficial types of multidisciplinary approaches, is presented. Some detail is required for clarity. A clear and detailed explanation on the types of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care, and the beneficial types of multidisciplinary approaches, is presented. The explanation demonstrates insight into both resources and multidisciplinary approaches for nonacute care for ESRD patients.





Organization, Effectiveness, and Format 20.0%

Thesis Development and Purpose 5.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.



Argument Logic and Construction 5.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.



Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.



Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 2.0% Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent. Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.



Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 3.0% Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.



Total Weightage 100%

school study materials: https://www(dot)cancer(dot)gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/bio-therapies-fact-sheet.

https://www(dot)cancer(dot)org/

Other (Not Listed) Sample Content Preview:

Nursing Process Approach to Care: Cancer
Student’s Name
Institution
Course
Professor’s Name
Date
Nursing Process Approach to Care: Cancer
Nursing care is pivotal to the delivery of quality care and improved patient outcomes. Thus, it is important to ensure that nursing care is constantly improved, and this can only be achieved through the use of evidence-based practice (EBP). To ensure that nurses remain focused on improving nursing care through EBP and critical thinking, the nursing process is utilized (Toney-Butler & Thayer, 2020; Leslie, 2018). This paper explores cancer and the utilization of the nursing process in the provision of safe and effective care for cancer patients.
Cancer: An Overview
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. It is defined as a disease where abnormal or damaged cells grow uncontrollably to form tumors that spread into the surrounding tissues or metastasis (National Cancer Institute (NCI), 2021). Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they grow even when no signals tell them to grow and divide, even when signals tell them to stop dividing. Also, it becomes difficult for the immune system to eliminate cancer cells.
Diagnosis and Staging
Various diagnostic tests for cancer diagnosis are available. Usually, patients may report symptoms or undergo a routine screening test. Physicians have to take specific steps to confirm whether the patient has cancer. These include checking the patients' medical history and performing a physical exam. The various diagnostic tests include (NCI, 2019):
* Laboratory tests- Involves taking samples of urine, blood, or other bodily fluids to check for substances that indicate the presence of cancer. Laboratory tests are also used to check for tumor markers.
* Imaging Tests- They involve taking pictures of various body areas to check for abnormalities such as tumors. Imaging tests include MRI, PET and CT scans, X-rays, bone and nuclear scans, and ultrasound.
* Biopsy- This test provides the most definitive diagnosis of cancer. It involves obtaining a tissue sample that a pathologist then examines to determine whether the tissue is cancerous. Physicians can even determine whether cancer metastatic or not through a biopsy, and this information is important in cancer staging.
Cancer staging involves establishing the extensiveness of cancer by determining the size of the tumor as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body (Brierley et al., 2016). Through staging, physicians establish a patient’s chances of survival and the best treatment plan. The most common staging system is the TNM system. T describes the size and extent of the primary tumor, N describes the number of nearby lymph nodes and has cancer. In contrast, M describes metastasis (spread of cancer from a primary tumor to distant body parts) (Brierley et al., 2016).
There are five main stages of cancer (NCI, 2019):
* Stage 0- This stage indicates that although abnormal cells are present, they have not spread to nearby tissues. The abnormal cells are not cancerous, but they might become cancerous
* Stage I, II, and III- These stages indicate that the patient has cancer, and as the numbers increase from I to III, so does the spread of cancer/size of the tumor. This means that cancer has spread to nearby tissues
* Stage IV- This stage indicates that cancer has spread to other organs/ distant body parts
Complications
One of the main complications of cancer is infection. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS) (2020a), cancer affects the immune system and normally protects the body from infection. When the immune system is interfered with, it becomes difficult to fight infection, thus increasing the risk of infection among cancer patients. Another complication is infertility caused directly by cancer or cancer treatment. According to the ACS (2020b), a cancerous tumor can damage a reproductive organ and the tissues surrounding it, causing infertility. Also, as part of cancer treatment, the removal of a reproductive organ interferes with fertility. Depression is also another complication associated with cancer. Being diagnosed with cancer can cause grief and sadness. For every four cancer patients, at least one suffers from clinical depression resulting directly from a cancer diagnosis (ACS, 2020c). Therefore, cancer patients need support to help manage depression.
Side Effects of Treatment
Many side effects characterize cancer treatment. These include nausea and vomiting, cancer-related fatigue, and hair loss, among others (Lavdaniti, 2017). These side effects are common and result directly from treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. According to Lavdaniti (2017), these side effects can have profound effects on the patient's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being and can reduce the quality of life.
Lessening Physical and Psychological Effects
Because of the distressing nature of cancer and cancer treatment, cancer patients need support to help lessen the psychological as well as physical effects. This can be done through effective and sufficient communication between the nurse and the patient/family, proper symptom management, and provides information about cancer, tailored according to the patient’s specific characteristics such as level of education and age (Lavdaniti, 2017). All these can help the patient feel less alone and more informed about cancer, thus lessening the effects associated with cancer
Factors Contributing to Yearly Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates
The yearly cancer incidence among Americans is 442.4 per 100,000 Americans, while the mortality rate is 158.3 per 100,000 Americans (NCI, 2020). Over the years, thanks to technology and medical science development, the mortality rate associated with most cancers have declined. However, in the case of incidence rates, sometimes incidence rates are seen to be increasing because new screening for particular cancer has been introduced or because more people have become exposed to a certain cancer risk factor (NCI, 2020). Regardless, certain factors contribute to the yearly cancer incidence and mortality rates. These include, but are not limited to, an aging population, obesity, and smoking. According to NCI (2020), the rate of smoking among Americans has declined, but these other two factors are becoming increasingly high. The ACS (2021) indicates that 80% of all cancer diagnoses are usually among people aged 55 years and above. This means that an aging population increases the risk of developing cancer and contributes to high cancer incidence and mortality rates every year. Smoking and obesity are factors that can be modified to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of cancer.
Role of American Cancer Society: Education and Support
The ACS is an American health ...
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