Difference Between Vascular Plants And Non-vascular Plants

Biology
Name
Institution
Biology
Plant Diversity
1 State the difference between vascular plants and non-vascular plants.
Vascular plants contain specialized tissues (the xylem and phloem) which are involved in the transportation of food and water while non-vascular lack any specialized tissues for transport.
2 State the difference between a fern plant and a liverwort.
First of all, ferns are vascular and therefore possesses a true stem, leaves, and roots. Liverworts lack any true vascular tissues. Additionally, in ferns, the sporophyte is considered a free-living and dominant stage while in liverworts, sporophytes lack a free-living existence.
3 State three adaptations of plants to terrestrial habitats.
* They have a waxy cuticle.
* Presence of stomata.
* Contain vascular tissues which are involved in transportation of food and water.
4 State the site, reactants and products of photosynthesis in plants.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
The reactants of photosynthesis include carbon dioxide and water.
The products of photosynthesis include sugar (glucose), oxygen, and finally water.
5 State two major categories of Vascular Seeded Plants.
Gymnospermae or Gymnosperms and Angiospermae or Angiosperms.
6 State the two major characteristics and two major categories of Gymnosperms.
Characteristics
* They lack an outer covering surrounding their seeds.
* They do not produce fruits.
Categories
* Conifers.
* Gnetophytes
7 State 5 differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
* Seeds in angiosperms are enclosed within an ovary while seeds in gymnosperms are unenclosed.
* The endosperm in gymnosperms is haploid while in angiosperms the endosperm is triploid.
* Pollination in gymnosperms is by wind alone while in angiosperms pollination is as a result of different agents such as insects, water, animals etc.
* The reproductive structures in angiosperms are flowers which may be unisexual and bisexual. For gymnosperms, the reproductive structures are the cones and these are unisexual.
* For angiosperms, the ovules usually develops into seeds which are inside the fruit while for gymnosperms, the ovules simply develop into naked seeds.
8 State the function of stomata in leaves.
Stomata contain specialized cells known as guard cells whose function is to open and close the stomatal pores to facilitate gas exchange. Aside from gas exchange, stomata also function to take out water during transpiration.
9 What is transpiration?
Transpiration is the process by which water or moisture is transported from the roots of a plant to the leaves.
10 Explain one adaptation of land plants to arid environments.
Most land plants in arid environments, for example, the cacti store water in their leaves and stems. Additionally, they have developed spines or even toxins within their tissues which helps to protect the stored water.
Plant Structure and Function
1 State the roles of leaves in a land plant.
* Leaves manufacture food.
* They also facilitate the exchange of gases through the stomata.
* Facilitate evaporation of water or transpiration.
* Leaves also store food.
2 Explain the difference between Reproductive Organs and Vegetative organs of flowering plants.
All the reproductive organs of a plant are found in a flower and are involved in fertilization. On the other hand, all vegetative organs of a plant are located on the leaves and are involved in photosynthesis.
3 State the major organs found within the shoot system and the root system of a flowering plant.
The shoot system represents the part of the plant that is above the ground and includes organs such as leaves, stems, flowers, and buds. The root system represents the part of the plant which is below the ground and includes organs such as rhizomes, roots, and tubers.
4 State the function of the following organs/structures in a flowering plant;
* Stem – stems mainly offer support for as well as elevation of the other parts of a plant.
Root – aside from anchorage, roots also absorb water as well as inorganic nutrients for the plant.
Flower – the major function of flowers is reproduction.
Xylem vessels – these tissues transport water and solutes from the roots to the leaves.
Phloem vessels – phloem tissues transport manufactured food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Cuticle – this acts as a permeability barrier for impurities and also protects the plant tissues from contamination.
Guard cells – these cells help to open and close stomata thus regulating the rate of transpiration.
Stomata – facilitates gas exchange as well as transpiration.
Root hairs – these absorb water as well as inorganic nutrients that are present in the soil.
Lenticels – these help in the gaseous exchange process between the internal tissues and the atmosphere.
Chlorophyll – this plays the essential role of absorbing blue and red waves of light to facilitate photosynthesis.
Chloroplast – this is the organelle responsible for the conversion of light energy to sugars or simply photosynthesis.
5 State the difference between a Monocotyledon and a Dicotyledon base...